Maritime Theatre at Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli발음듣기
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Maritime Theatre at Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli
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(jazz music) Dr. Harris: This is a place no one would have been unless you were really close to the emperor.발음듣기
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We're in the so-called Maritime Theatre, but this is really Hadrian's inner sanctum inside his enormous villa complex.발음듣기
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Dr. Harris: We have a view from outside into the interior toward the atrium, which would've been open to the sky and would've collected water into a impluvium below, through a slanted roof or compluvium.발음듣기
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Then, behind there a tablinum, a kind of office or meeting space, but in the form of a circle.발음듣기
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As we look toward the end through the axis that Hadrian aligned for us, our eye moves past a shape that we don't expect in ancient Roman architecture, an oval space surrounded by columns.발음듣기
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Dr. Frischer: Hadrian had the idea of having this circle and then breaking the space up into smaller parts.발음듣기
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Cardinal Barberini had Contini publish the notes and plan of Ligorio, so this was known just at the beginnings of the Baroque movement in Roman architecture in the city of Rome with people like Borromini.발음듣기
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This is the same size as the Pantheon and he's building this the same time that he's building the Pantheon.발음듣기
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This idea of the totality of the empire, or the totality of the world in the figure of the emperor.발음듣기
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I think that appealed to him and then just the challenge of taking that rectangular form of a house and making it circular must have appealed to him on aesthetic grounds.발음듣기
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Dr. Harris: If we look at the floor of the Pantheon or the walls of the Pantheon at the marble revetments, we see circles and squares, these basic geometric shapes -발음듣기
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Dr. Frischer: Yes, looking back at imperial history, he knew that there were a lot of attempts on lives of emperors, but just in general, emperors were always being pestered wherever they went.발음듣기
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Emperors were expected to be available and here he could get away and he could invite just the people that he wanted to be with, whether for business purposes or social.발음듣기
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There are rooms for bathing that you would step down into, so they'd be at the level of the moat.발음듣기
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Dr. Harris: It's hard to imagine how luxurious this was now, but as we look up, we can see where this place got the name that it has now, because we see relief sculpture with marine figures and mythological figures having to do with the water.발음듣기
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Dr. Frischer: There are some pieces preserved here, on the entablature, and even better pieces in the antiquarium on the site.발음듣기
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I always say to people when they get to the Pantheon, "Stop on the threshold, hold your head straight ahead, and you can just see in your peripheral vision the oculus, the floor, and the sides of the rotunda."발음듣기
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Hadrian was always dealing in spaces with a lot of pomp and circumstance and very formal and stiff.발음듣기
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So here, it was on a scale of a smallish house in Pompeii, a middle class kind of house, so he could really feel, I think, more relaxed.발음듣기
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Dr. Frischer: Informal, but we shouldn't say not luxurious, because it's all marble, it's all carved, it's expensive materials, and the workmanship and craftsmanship is of the highest level.발음듣기
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He could've trumped the smallness of the space with the lavishness of materials and the craftsmanship of those materials.발음듣기
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