The Coriolis effect

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The Coriolis effect발음듣기

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(pencil scribbling noise) (loud thunder) If you've every watched the news during a hurricane or wintertime nor'easter, you've probably noticed that big storms spin over time as they travel.발음듣기

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In the Northern Hemisphere they spin counterclockwise.발음듣기

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But if you were watching a storm in the Southern Hemisphere, you'd see it spinning clockwise.발음듣기

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Why do storms spin in different directions depending on their location?발음듣기

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And why do they spin in the first place?발음듣기

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A storm's rotation is due to something called the coriolis effect, which is a phenomenon that causes fluids like water and air to curve as they travel across or above earth's surface.발음듣기

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Here's the basic idea.발음듣기

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Earth is constantly spinning around its axis from west to east.발음듣기

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But because earth is a sphere and wider in the middle, points on the equator are actually spinning faster around the axis than points near the poles.발음듣기

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So, imagine you were standing in Texas and had a magic paper airplane that could travel hundreds of miles.발음듣기

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If you threw your airplane directly northward, you might think it would land straight north, maybe somewhere in Nebraska.발음듣기

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But Texas is actually spinning around earth's axis faster than Nebraska is because it's closer to the equator.발음듣기

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That means that the paper airplane is spinning faster as well, and when you throw it, that spinning momentum is conserved.발음듣기

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So if you threw your paper airplane in a straight line toward the north, it would land somewhere to the right of Nebraska, maybe in Delaware.발음듣기

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So, from your point of view in Texas, the plane would have taken a curved path to the right.발음듣기

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The opposite would happen in the Southern Hemisphere.발음듣기

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An object traveling from the equator to the south would get deflected to the left.발음듣기

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So what does this have to do with hurricanes spinning?발음듣기

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Well, at the center of every hurricane is an area of very low pressure.발음듣기

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As a result, the high-pressure air surrounding the center or eye of a storm is constantly rushing to`ward the low-pressure void in the middle.발음듣기

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But because of the coriolis effect, the air rushing toward the center is deflected off course.발음듣기

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In the Northern Hemisphere, the volumes of air on all sides of the eye keep getting tugged slightly to the right.발음듣기

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The air keeps trying to make its way to the middle, and keeps getting deflected, causing the entire system to spin in a counterclockwise direction.발음듣기

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In the Southern Hemisphere, where the coriolis effect pulls air to the left, the opposite happens.발음듣기

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Storms spin around the eye in a clockwise manner.발음듣기

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