Cranach the Elder, Judith with the Head of Holofernes

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Cranach the Elder, Judith with the Head of Holofernes발음듣기

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(jazzy music) Male: We're in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna and we're looking at a Lucas Cranach.발음듣기

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This is a painting of Judith with the Head of Holofernes, which is a biblical story, an Old Testament story.발음듣기

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Female: It's a pretty gruesome story and the painting is pretty gruesome.발음듣기

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Males: Holofernes is an Assyrian General that is threatening a Jewish town where Judith lives.발음듣기

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Now, the town is about to give up.발음듣기

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They're completely surrounded.발음듣기

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But Judith dresses up, makes herself beautiful, and bravely sneaks into the enemy camp.발음듣기

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She makes her way to the tent of the General.발음듣기

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There's some suggestion that there's seduction involved.발음듣기

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Female: Holofernes has a little too much to drink, and Judith seizes the opportunity and cuts off his head, brings it back to the town and the Assyrian army flees.발음듣기

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Male: It would seem that actually Judith brought the head back to Cranach's studio because he paints it with extraordinary amount of detail; so much so that it suggests that Lucas Cranach had actually been looking at severed heads.발음듣기

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If you look at the neck, you can actually make out the vertebrae.발음듣기

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Female: And it's painted with that attention to detail that we see also in her clothing, which is really fabulous.발음듣기

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This is like a whole fashion statement here.발음듣기

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Male: This is the kind of clothing that might have been worn in the Saxon court in the 15th century.발음듣기

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In fact, some scholars suggest that this might be a specific princess.발음듣기

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Female: That's where Cranach harked, in the Saxon court in Wittenberg.발음듣기

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Male: Here, he's rendered this really interesting contrast between the violence and this beautiful, strong, brave but refined young woman.발음듣기

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Male: You're right, there is a contrast between the gruesomeness of the head and the luxuriousness of what she's wearing and the passivity of her face.발음듣기

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Cranach lavished a lot of attention on her clothing.발음듣기

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Look at the embroidery on her bodice, the stitching on her sleeves, her necklaces and those dangling pearls.발음듣기

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Look down at her gloves that have slits in them by the knuckles so that she can bend her fingers, and we can see all the gold jewelry that she's wearing.발음듣기

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There's something really aristocratic about her clothing and about her demeanor.발음듣기

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Male: When you're describing the incredibly detailed garments, this was a fabulous court costume.발음듣기

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I can't help but notice another kind of contrast, not just between the gruesomeness of the severed head and the beauty of the young woman.발음듣기

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You were describing those gloves, those hands.발음듣기

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They're so beautifully modeled with light and shadow, they turn in space so well, but if you look at certain other patterns within the dress, they seem so flat.발음듣기

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In fact, the entire image, and this is very much a characteristic of Cranach's style, the whole thing is somewhat 2 dimensional, and there is this heavy decorative quality that Cranach is clearly interested in.발음듣기

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Female: The colors, those reds and oranges and golds, and the gold of her hair really make her flesh stand out against that black background.발음듣기

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Male: There is a sense of eroticism here too.발음듣기

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Her bodice is quite low.발음듣기

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There's a lot of flesh that's displayed, especially as it's highlighted by her necklaces.발음듣기

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All of this, interestingly, is within a highly pitched political context.발음듣기

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Wittenberg was of the origin of Lutheranism, and in fact, this artist was a very close personal friend of Martin Luther.발음듣기

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Some art historians have suggested that the story of Judith, which Cranach painted several times, was important as a symbol of resistance against the Catholic tradition; specifically against Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor.발음듣기

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Female: So I think there are a couple of potential readings here.발음듣기

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One is political in the idea of resistance against the enemy and bravery, an idea of the Protestant resistance to the Catholics; but also a different reading of a dangerous and sexual woman.발음듣기

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Male: The beauty, the sexuality, the violence, this incredible detail, the interest in costume and fashion, these are all qualities that clearly the Saxon court enjoyed and helped make this artist the wealthiest man in Wittenberg at this time. (jazzy music)발음듣기

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