Bruegel, Tower of Babel

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Bruegel, Tower of Babel발음듣기

[music] We're in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, and we're looking at Bruegel's amazing painting, "The Tower of Babel."발음듣기

I really love this painting.발음듣기

Me too!발음듣기

It's just, there's so much to look at, and it reminds you that before movies, before video, paintings could be incredibly entertaining.발음듣기

And here's an image that gives us so many little narratives, so many things to look at.발음듣기

It really does reward close, prolonged looking.발음듣기

So this story comes from the Bible.발음듣기

Man decided to build a building that would be so high, it would reach into the heavens; it would reach God.발음듣기

And God didn't like that.발음듣기

No, not one bit.발음듣기

So the way that God took care of this was sort of wonderful and elegant.발음듣기

Humanity had been one people up to this time.발음듣기

But God said now He would divide man by language, so that when these men could no longer communicate with each other, well, the building couldn't be built.발음듣기

But Bruegel is painting this now in the Renaissance, and there's a different set of meanings.발음듣기

Yes, the Bible is the underlying story; but there's the politics of his era.발음듣기

When we think about the Renaissance, it's hard not to think about the massive building campaigns.발음듣기

Bruegel himself is living in Antwerp, an incredibly wealthy city that trades in luxury goods.발음듣기

So in some ways, this is about the dangers of man's success.발음듣기

All the things that we build, all the things that we create, all of the power and wealth that we have is really nothing before God.발음듣기

I think Bruegel makes that point rather nicely in the lower left corner of the painting, where you see a king, who is presumably the man who's ordering the building of this monument, and you see the workers who are actually carving stone, but also bowing down to him.발음듣기

There's a kind of irony there, because as the workers bow down to him, we know that this tower that they're building at his request is going to utterly fail; and in fact, it is failing right before our eyes, and before theirs, if only they would notice it too.발음듣기

You mean, even as it's being built, it's so large that it's also falling apart.발음듣기

In fact, the whole tower, although it seems so massive and so solid, is leaning to the left slightly, and it seems to be almost menacing the medieval city that's just beyond it.발음듣기

There are some places where it seems very unfinished;발음듣기

I mean, if we look at the center, there's uncut block; and then in other areas it looks completed; in other areas there's scaffolding.발음듣기

There's this sense that it's rising and falling simultaneously.발음듣기

You know, the whole thing really looks believable.발음듣기

You see winches, and cranes - hoists - And sort of the basic construct itself seems to be loosely based on the Coliseum in Rome, which Brugel would have seen when he visited that city.발음듣기

And so, the whole thing really does seem as if it's possible, and there is this sense that here in the Renaissance, man has become so capable.발음듣기

And what are the dangers of that?발음듣기

I mean, it is an issue that even in the modern era, we still grapple with.발음듣기

If you read science fiction, it's always the robots and the computers that are the threat, right?발음듣기

And in a sense, this is an older take on technologies that were perhaps too big for us.발음듣기

Men look like ants, everywhere, here!발음듣기

You get a sense of trade, you have a sense of materials coming from afar in the ships on the extreme right; you see a large castle, but it's completely dwarfed by the massiveness of the tower itself.발음듣기

There's a total sense of futility here.발음듣기

Everyone is doing something.발음듣기

Everyone is building or carrying or carving or climbing or doing something to make this happen.발음듣기

And yet, as they're so busy, we know that it's all for naught.발음듣기

And so, there's a sense of the complete futility of human endeavor.발음듣기

And even while we know that futility is central, there's still an absolute love of the investigation of the building itself.발음듣기

We really have Bruegel the architect here.발음듣기

The tower is so fun.발음듣기

We want to go into it.발음듣기

We can see through it, and into the arches and spaces, and windows; and we want to know what it's like inside.발음듣기

It's a dreamlike space that is incredibly seductive.발음듣기

So in a sense, it's a kind of entrapment.발음듣기

Bruegel is giving us this wonderful, seductive environment, and then he's telling you, "You don't want to do this.발음듣기

This isn't all right."발음듣기

It seduces us and entraps us, and it's really difficult to pull your eyes away from it. [music]발음듣기

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