Threshold 6: Humans and Collective Learning

23문장 100% 한국어 번역 3명 참여 출처 : 칸아카데미
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Threshold 6: Humans and Collective Learning발음듣기

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NARRATOR: The first living organisms appeared on Earth at least 3.5 billion years ago.발음듣기

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To us they would have seemed tiny and insignificant, yet they were extraordinarily complex compared to anything else that had ever existed.발음듣기

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Over the next 3.5 billion years they would diversify and evolve.발음듣기

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About 600 million years ago, some started to combine.발음듣기

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Over time, they formed multicellular organisms like trees, mushrooms, frogs, dinosaurs, or even the first small mammals, which probably looked a bit like mice.발음듣기

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When the dinosaurs were wiped out by an asteroid, mammals prospered, evolving into a great range of new species.발음듣기

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One group lived in trees and ate fruit.발음듣기

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They had hands, stereoscopic vision and unusually large brains.발음듣기

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These were our ancestors, the primates.발음듣기

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Our own species, Homo sapiens, evolved about 200,000 years ago.발음듣기

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Now, we treat the appearance of humans as a new threshold because we would eventually create entirely new forms of complexity.발음듣기

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Today, we have become the most important force for change on the Earth's surface.발음듣기

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We are the first species in 3.5 billion years that has had such power.발음듣기

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What makes us so different?발음듣기

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For this threshold, powerful brains are one ingredient, but it's not just a matter of brains.발음듣기

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Many other brainy species exist.발음듣기

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They include dolphins and chimpanzees and crows.발음듣기

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The other critical ingredient was the development of symbolic language.발음듣기

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This enabled humans to share their ideas with each other very efficiently.발음듣기

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Human communities grew and interacted, creating the perfect conditions for something new, the ability to learn collectively instead of just as individuals.발음듣기

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Ideas and knowledge accumulated generation after generation, and human technologies became more and more powerful.발음듣기

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As knowledge accumulated over time, our control of resources and the environment increased and accelerated, leading humans towards two new thresholds that would have a huge impact on our planet.발음듣기

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