Making Greek vases

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Making Greek vases발음듣기

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Greek vases were made of terra cotta or baked clay.발음듣기

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Before the clay could be used for pottery, pebbles and other impurities had to be removed.발음듣기

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First, the potter mixed the raw clay with water in large outdoor pools to make a thick, silty liquid.발음듣기

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This liquid clay stood until the heavier impurities had settled to the bottom.발음듣기

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The refined liquid was then drained off into a second pool.발음듣기

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The potter repeated this settling process several times.발음듣기

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The pool was then left to evaporate in the sun, leaving behind the refined clay.발음듣기

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The final step in preparing the clay for potting was called "wedging".발음듣기

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The potter systematically compressed and folded the clay, making it more malleable and mixing together any parts that may settled into layers.발음듣기

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The clay was now ready for use.발음듣기

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Most Greek vases were thrown or formed on the potter's wheel.발음듣기

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The complex shapes of Greek pottery often required that a vase be thrown in pieces and then assembled.발음듣기

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For example, to make a kylix or cup the potter first centered the clay on the wheel.발음듣기

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When it stopped wobbling the potter began a central hole.발음듣기

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Pressure from the potter's fingers inside the hole gradually widened this opening and formed the bowl of the cup.발음듣기

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Aside from the wheel, the potter's main tools were his hands.발음듣기

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Although a wet sponge was often used to smooth the surface.발음듣기

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To make the foot of the cup, the potter again centered the clay, drew it up, and then hollowed out the stem.발음듣기

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The next day when the formed pieces had dried slightly, the bowl of the cup was trimmed with a metal shaver and received a final smoothing.발음듣기

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The potter used wet clay to bond the separately made bowl and foot, and then smoothed over the join.발음듣기

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Next, the potter stretched out lengths of clay and bent them into handles.발음듣기

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Again using wet clay the potter attached the handles to the bowl.발음듣기

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Often roughening the joining surfaces to increase the bond.발음듣기

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The vase was now ready to be decorated.발음듣기

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Athenian vase painters experimented with a number of different methods of vase decoration.발음듣기

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To create a vase in the black figure technique, that is, with black figures against a red background.발음듣기

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The vase painter first sketched the outline of the design, in this case a dolphin, onto the surface of the vessel.발음듣기

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Then, using a highly refined liquid clay as paint the vase painter filled in the outline, creating a silhouette.발음듣기

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When applied, the clay paint was almost the same color as the surface of the vase.발음듣기

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But with firing it would turn black.발음듣기

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The vase painter next used a sharp point to scratch internal details through the silhouette.발음듣기

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The vase was then ready for the kiln.발음듣기

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The contrasting red and black color scheme of Athenian pottery was the result of a difficult three stage firing process.발음듣기

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Using wood-fired kilns or ovens, vases were heated to about 800 degrees centigrade in an oxygen-rich environment, causing the whole vase to turn red.발음듣기

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Next, the potter closed off the vents of the kiln and added green wood and leafy branches creating an oxygen poor environment.발음듣기

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As a result, the whole vase turned black.발음듣기

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At the same time, the kiln temperature was raised causing the thin painted layer of decorative clay to become glossy and nonporous.발음듣기

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Finally the kiln was allowed to slowly cool, and the potter reopened the vents letting oxygen into the kiln again.발음듣기

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In this stage the unpainted areas of the vessels returned to their warm red color.발음듣기

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But the glossy areas, which could not absorb oxygen, remained black.발음듣기

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