Intaglio process

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Intaglio process발음듣기

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Phil: Intaglio processes are any print making process where the image area is below the flat surface of your printing matrix or plate.발음듣기

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Within intaglio, there are several different types of processes.발음듣기

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One of those is the dry point.발음듣기

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What dry point is a direct scratching or moving of the material on the plate.발음듣기

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If I were to take one of our etching tools, in this case a steel scribe, and scratch the surface of this plate, that scratch will raise a burr, where the metal was then moved from side to side.발음듣기

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In dry point, we're typically not removing metal, we're actually moving it and the burr that is raised from moving that metal holds ink.발음듣기

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Where that ink is held creates a fuzzy line, which is the characteristic line for a dry point.발음듣기

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In working with a roulette, now that I have my composition laid out with basic lines, I'm going to use the roulette to start to add some tone in.발음듣기

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This roulette is offset dots. The purpose of all of the different types of marks that I'm using is to create different textures and varying tones, so that the composition that I'm working with doesn't feel flat by something being made from all of the same type of mark.발음듣기

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Steel facing increases the strength of the surface of the plate, which is extremely important for things like dry point where you have a delicate and fragile burr that's raised up above the plate.발음듣기

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This will help the plate remain strong so that none of the burrs break during printing.발음듣기

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Many of the same tools that we use for dry point are also used for etching.발음듣기

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Etching involves several steps. The first step is to prepare the plate, which involves polishing and cleaning, so that there are no marks or scratches on the surface that could interfere with the artist's drawing.발음듣기

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The second step would be applying a ground to the plate.발음듣기

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Hard ground is typically made from asphaltum, wax, and rosin.발음듣기

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It acts as an acid resist, protecting the white or non-image areas of the etching plate.발음듣기

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Preparing that ground so that it is dark enough to see the copper showing through wherever the ground has been scratched away.발음듣기

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To smoke the plate, the plate is held upside down, so that the ground can be heated and absorb the soot.발음듣기

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Once a plate has been prepared with a ground, the surface is a jet black.발음듣기

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Drawing a plate involves scratching away the ground so that copper is revealed.발음듣기

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This is different than dry point.발음듣기

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Dry point's scratching of the plate is to create a burr or to move metal.발음듣기

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In this case, we're actually only barely scratching the surface, just to remove the ground.발음듣기

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Wherever copper is showing through that black ground, it will be etched or eaten away to create a trough for ink to sit in.발음듣기

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The copper lines become the image that will be printed onto paper.발음듣기

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The third step in etching is etching the plate.발음듣기

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This is a process of eating away all of the bare copper areas showing on the plate, deep into recesses that will hold ink.발음듣기

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The plate is etched for 15 minutes, then it is pulled out and rinsed and replaced back in the bath for an additional 15 minutes to create a fine, even, black line.발음듣기

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Once the plate has been etched, the ground has been removed, and the plate has been cleaned, it is now prepared for printing.발음듣기

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All intaglio processes are printed in the same format.발음듣기

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Printing involves wiping the plate with ink to force ink into the recesses of the plate, utilizing tarlatan to remove excess ink from the raised surface or upper surfaces of the plate, 발음듣기

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and finally, a small amount of hand wiping and cleaning of the edges so that all of the white areas of the plate remain white.발음듣기

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A small amount of chalk on the fingers will remove any residue ink from the edges and non-image areas of the plate.발음듣기

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Once the plate has been wiped, it is set on the press.발음듣기

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A dampened sheet of paper is laid on top and it is run through the press with felts at high pressure.발음듣기

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Artists like intaglio processes because it's a very sculptural way of working.발음듣기

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That sculptural process of manipulating a metal surface is evident in the final print with raised ink and embossed edges.발음듣기

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