John Roddam Spencer Stanhope, Thoughts of the Past발음듣기
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John Roddam Spencer Stanhope, Thoughts of the Past
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(piano music playing) Steven: She stands against the window, looking out, but really looking in In a terribly gaudy purple nightgown.발음듣기
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Steven: If we were Victorian looking at this painting, we would immediately recognize that she was a prostitute.발음듣기
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Beth: And that she's thinking about her past life as a virtuous woman, likely from the countryside, who had come to the city and who had fallen, in Victorian terms, a fallen woman, a prostitute.발음듣기
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Fallen women were the subject of paintings and literature during this period, a kind of social problem for artists and writers to deal with.발음듣기
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Steven: So she's a sympathetic figure to a large extent and we, as a middle-class public, were expected to grapple with her predicament.발음듣기
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You can see how closely the artist ties her problem to the problem of the city and the growth of the city.발음듣기
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I can almost hear men yelling to each other across those boats and in the foreground, we see what looks like hay on a barge and that hay, 발음듣기
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of course, would have been brought to the city from the country in order to feed the horses and it does make it kind of analogy to this woman who has become a kind of commodity, something that is bought and sold.발음듣기
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Pre-Raphaelite style. We have those intense colors that are really saturated, like this purple and the greens and the reds and showing a female figure with long, red hair is also very Pre-Raphaelite.발음듣기
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Steven: One of the things Pre-Raphaelites are so known for, is to imbue almost everything with a kind of secondary meaning with a kind of symbolism.발음듣기
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They were looking back at the great paintings at the very beginning of the Renaissance, perhaps, for instance The Arnolfini Wedding Portrait, which is in the national gallery now.발음듣기
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So when you look at that red hair, does that secondary reference to the Renaissance tradition of representing Mary Magdalene with long, red hair and of course the tradition of her being a prostitute, but there there's a sense of redemption and here, I think, that's an open question.발음듣기
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She's thinking about what's happened to her and perhaps her family in the countryside, her lost childhood, her lost innocence.발음듣기
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Steven: In the lower left corner of the painting, I see a potted plant, maybe two, and they're little bit too low, so the plants have been stretching up to get back to the sun.발음듣기
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Steven: Perhaps worse, up in the lower right corner of the painting, you can see those ... those violets, there's purple and white, which are linked directly to the colors that the woman wears and they've been discarded and they will now wilt and die.발음듣기
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Beth: And if you look at the Arnolfini Wedding, everything in that painting speaks about the wealth of the couple that's represented, but here we have furniture that's chipped and worn.발음듣기
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Other details in the room that tell us about her life are a little bit hard to see, perhaps, in the foreground on the left, we see a man's walking stick and glove.발음듣기
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Intro to the comparative and the superlative
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Comparative advantage and absolute advantage
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