Ikenga (Igbo Peoples)

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Ikenga (Igbo Peoples)발음듣기

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(soft piano music) [Voiceover] One of the large ethic groups in what is now Niagara is Igbo.발음듣기

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Among the Igbo in Northern Igbo land is a tradition of creating what is known as an Ikenga.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Ikenga are caved wooden figures that have a human face with animal attributes.발음듣기

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They can be small, a couple inches.발음듣기

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They can be very abstract, sometimes it's more naturalistic like the one we see at the Penn University Museum.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Likely made for a warrior.발음듣기

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He's seated on a stool which is an important signifier of honor.발음듣기

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He holds in his right hand, as all of Ikenga do, a sword.발음듣기

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This is an expression of power, but in his left hand, this particular figure seems to hold a human head.발음듣기

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That would be an expression of his warrior status.발음듣기

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Maybe I shouldn't say they all hold a sword in the right hand, because some of the Ikenga are abstract and don't actually have arms.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] So, if you were Igbo, you would know that the Ikenga stood for the power of the right hand, and it really wouldn't be necessary to depict it in the carving.발음듣기

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In other words, that same concept in African art, that it's not so much about what it looks like, but rather the concept that the figure is trying to convey.발음듣기

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The Ikenga were personal objects that suggested the achievement of their owners, and they could relate to that persons occupation, whether they were a hunter, a farmer, maybe they were an exceptionally yam farmer.발음듣기

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They could have been a smith, or they could be a university professor.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Once an Ikenga had been commissioned by a master carver, had been consecrated, it would enter into a shrine within the owners home.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] The Ikenga is known as the place of strength.발음듣기

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So, it's a personal spirit of ones human achievements, ones ability, and it holds items that helps the owner get things done.발음듣기

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So yes, the power of the right hand is always emphasized.발음듣기

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The right hand holds a sword, holds the ability to cut through things to get to what one wishes in life.발음듣기

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The left hand can hold a whole host of things including the tusk of an elephant in the form of a trumpet, a head, or even a staff to suggest ones rank.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Let's take a close look at this particular object.발음듣기

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We have rams horns that are almost as big as the entire body.발음듣기

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They curl at the top, and they're decorated with these wonderful vertical and horizontal abstract forms.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] There's a great saying among the Igbo that a ram fights with his head first.발음듣기

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The idea that any action is taken first with the heads.발음듣기

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The head is emphasized, the power, the aggression, the strength of the head in these rams horns.발음듣기

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We'll notice that it has a lot of detailing on the sides, these pod-shaped forms with dots and lines incised into them, which seems to mirror what the figure has on the sides of his head.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] You also see that there are decorative patterns that have been cut into the body, which are likely the representation of scarification of body decoration.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Typically, scarification found on the temple and also on the forehead suggested that the wear was a title holding member of an Igbo society.발음듣기

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So, this figure, who also has this pattering on his temple and on his horns seems to also suggest that high-rank.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] So, this is not a portrait.발음듣기

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We shouldn't think of it in that way, but it is a symbolic representation of the power or the authority and the accomplishment of the individual for whom this was made.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] I'd like to think of it as a sacred diploma, something that you would hang in your office to remember the status that you've reached through hard work, through discipline, through the mastery of a craft.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] I would love to have my own personal Ikenga. (soft piano music) 발음듣기

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