Uncle Tom's Cabin part 2

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Uncle Tom's Cabin part 2발음듣기

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[Voiceover] So Becca and I have been talking about Uncle Tom's Cabin which is this book from the 1850s that Abraham Lincoln actually said started the Civil War.발음듣기

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So how did this book start a war?발음듣기

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So in this video we'll tell you more about the plot.발음듣기

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But in the previous video we kind of discussed what was going on in the country at the time and Harriet Beecher Stowe again was from this abolitionist family.발음듣기

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She was really deeply effected by the Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave Act, and also by slave auctions.발음듣기

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So this video will get a little bit more into the heart of the plot of the novel which does have to do with the family being torn apart.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] So what was Uncle Tom's Cabin actually about?발음듣기

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Uncle Tom's Cabin was set on a plantation in Kentucky and it starts out with this kind of group of slaves that are about to be sold to other plantation owners.발음듣기

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So Eliza and her son actually run away.발음듣기

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They run up North, so Eliza goes up North and Uncle Toms is sold down the river.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] So, Eliza is trying to make sure that she and her son are not separated by being sold.발음듣기

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So she decides that she is going to escape and take her son with her up to Canada.발음듣기

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But Uncle Tom, he's not actually related, he is sold in the opposite direction.발음듣기

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He's getting farther away from freedom by heading down the Mississippi.발음듣기

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When you think about the geography of slavery it's a much more urban environment than some of the more coastal areas.발음듣기

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So you might be in Charleston, or you might even be in Baltimore as an enslaved person.발음듣기

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You might have a pretty high degree of freedom and also a possibility of escape either by crossing the border or by boat.발음듣기

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When you're sold into the deep South area you are deep in plantation country and there might not be another soul that you could rely on to help you escape for 100, 200 miles.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] And I think this is really something that Harriet Beecher Stowe wants to help point out in the book, that there was this sense of doom for Uncle Tom.발음듣기

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However, his Christian faith was the only thing that really kept him going.발음듣기

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He bonded with this young white woman that he met, Eva, just about their Christian faith.발음듣기

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And really, reading his Bible was the thing that got him up in the morning.발음듣기

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So where were those feelings about religion coming from?발음듣기

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[Voiceover] You can definitely see that Harriet Beecher Stowe is influenced by her own family's faith which is influenced by the Second Great Awakening.발음듣기

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The Second Great Awakening was this flowering of religious belief in the 1830s and 1840s.발음듣기

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It was kind of a reaction against the Era of Enlightenment which was what had inspired the founders of the United States to think of a more humanist world, a more rational, scientific world.발음듣기

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People start going to camp meetings, they have religious revivals.발음듣기

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They experience religious conversions.발음듣기

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And in this time period there's a shift in thinking about God in the United States.발음듣기

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If you think back to the puritans they have this incredibly punitive sort of Old Testament destroyer God, right?발음듣기

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One of the most famous early sermons in the United States is sinners in the hands of an angry God, that at any moment God might release you into the flames.발음듣기

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Well there's a new emphasis on Christ-like love in the early 1830s, 1840s.발음듣기

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New interpretation of God as being forgiving and gentle, family oriented, it's very Victorian.발음듣기

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Where God was seen as this punisher who condemned most people to hell, in the Second Great Awakening there's a new emphasis on a forgiving, kind family-oriented Jesus who will save everyone.발음듣기

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That's very incompatible with the ideas of slavery.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Exactly, and I think that Uncle Tom's Cabin can really be considered a part of the Second Great Awakening because of the way that it points out these fundamental inconsistencies and contradictions between Christian faith and human bondage.발음듣기

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How could a religion that says treat thy neighbor as thyself actually sanction slavery?발음듣기

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[Voiceover] So Uncle Tom is this martyr character, right?발음듣기

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He is a devout believer in Christianity and the forgiveness of God right up until his very end.발음듣기

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So how does Uncle Tom's Cabin actually end?발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Uncle Tom's Cabin ends with Uncle Tom is beaten by his overseers.발음듣기

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He's sold through this chain of different slave families in the deep South and he ends up with just a terrible, terrible slave holder who requests his death, actually partially because he was reading all of this religious text.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] And this slave owner was named Simon Legree.발음듣기

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And this name, Simon Legree, has actually stuck with us in popular culture to mean a really evil, cruel, punitive master.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] The rest of the family actually meets back up.발음듣기

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Eliza is reunited with a bunch of other people that were on the original plantation and they really think about Uncle Tom as this martyr, the hero's death.발음듣기

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He's looked at as this sacrifice for the cause of freedom.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Right, also Uncle Tom, he dies never having renounced his Christian faith.발음듣기

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His example of martyrdom actually leads everyone who witnesses his death, including Simon Legree, to convert to Christianity and to vow never to hold slaves again.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] But I think the ending of the book really points out this main theme within a lot of Second Great Awakening texts which was that if you just paid attention to how you are falling away from your Christian commitments then you could get back on track and maybe bring people together by utilizing Christian faith in a productive and public way.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] The book is published in 1852, then what happens?발음듣기

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How do people receive this book?발음듣기

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[Voiceover] We'll talk about this Tom-mania that ensues in the next video.발음듣기

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