Uncle Tom's Cabin part 3발음듣기
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Uncle Tom's Cabin part 3
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So, we've been talking about Uncle Tom's Cabin, published in 1852 by Harriet Beecher Stowe, and said to have been one of the main causes of the American Civil War.발음듣기
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[Becca] So Uncle Tom's Cabin was about the horrors of slavery in the deep south and also appealed to a lot of American's Christian values and tried to point out these fundamental contradictions between Christian faith and slavery.발음듣기
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But, it was the most read book of the 19th century, so there were a lot of reactions. (laughing)발음듣기
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In the north, mostly, people were reading this all the time, no matter if you were an intellectual or just kind of a 17 year old picking up a book off a shelf, you were going to read Uncle Tom's Cabin.발음듣기
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And a lot of the people that actually read the book were young men that would later fight in the Civil War.발음듣기
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[Kim] How interesting. Okay, so, like this would be our book club book of the month except everybody was, this was like the Oprah's book club choice of 1852.발음듣기
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If you've seen that she, the woman goes to Siam, and shows people the book Uncle Tom's Cabin and they put on a version of a play based on Uncle Tom's Cabin in what would be Thailand.발음듣기
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Here's an anti-Tom novel right next to us, right over here, Aunt Phillis's Cabin. (Kim laughing)발음듣기
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These anti-Tom novels aimed to point out that maybe Harriet Beecher Stowe didn't know what she was actually talking about.발음듣기
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They also accused Harriet Beecher Stowe of not actually even living in the deep south, so she didn't even know what slavery was like.발음듣기
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They wanted to show all the ways that it actually maintains social order, and promoted economic welfare, so this was kind of this response from the south, also in novel form.발음듣기
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You have people on one hand saying slavery is destructive to families, slavery is incompatible with Christianity.발음듣기
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And then, responses from the white south, saying, oh no, actually slavery is great, it helps everybody.발음듣기
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[Becca] Right, so there was this kind of battle within the literary community about the peculiar institution of slavery.발음듣기
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I mean, not everybody in 19th century America was a New England intellectual who was reading Christian novels.발음듣기
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And so, they were often times put on by abolitionist people trying to point out the issues with slavery today and end slavery immediately.발음듣기
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[Kim] So, this is before there's copyright law, right, so you can just put on a show of anybody's novel if you feel like it.발음듣기
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[Kim] Racial stereotypes, too, I would imagine, because we still have this phrase Uncle Tom kind of to mean an African-American who is a martyr to the status quo as opposed to someone who might fight against racism.발음듣기
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It seems like they might have borrowed a lot of these stereotypes from minstrel shows which were also very popular in this time period.발음듣기
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[Becca] And some of the characters within these minstrel shows turned into the character that was remembered as Jim Crow, which became the dominating racial order after the Civil War.발음듣기
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So, in the Civil Rights era in the mid-1950's, lots of activists actually wanted to completely reject the progress that Uncle Tom's Cabin and these Tom Shows had made because they actually reduced African Americans to this terrible stereotype.발음듣기
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And so, later on, this kind of idea that someone was an Uncle Tom became a racial slur, really, and they then rejected Uncle Tom's Cabin as being a tool towards racial equality and more saw it as a part of the problem.발음듣기
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[Kim] So, I think, the most important thing about Uncle Tom's Cabin is that it's this catalyst of really intense emotions about slavery which in the 1850's will lead eventually to the Civil War.발음듣기
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And, following the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin, you'll see more and more violence on both sides of this issue.발음듣기
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For example, John Brown, this famous abolitionist actually goes out to Kansas and murders people.발음듣기
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[Becca] And I think that Lincoln was very astute in pointing out that Uncle Tom's Cabin really catalyzed a lot of this violence.발음듣기
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And he even met with Harriet Beecher Stowe, so she earned herself a little meeting with Abraham Lincoln. (Kim laughing)발음듣기
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But I do think Lincoln was really astute in pointing out just how impactful this cultural phenomenon, this Tom-mania was on the question of slavery and on the fate of the American people.발음듣기
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I mean, I just think that the book itself, the way that the book could just travel all around the United States and so many different kinds of people were able to read it and get their hands on it.발음듣기
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This really was just this movement of people just thinking a lot about slavery, reading a lot about slavery.발음듣기
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[Kim] Yeah, well, I think after Uncle Tom's Cabin, I don't think there was a way to not have an opinion on the slavery issue.발음듣기
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