The Gettysburg Address part 2발음듣기
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The Gettysburg Address part 2
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[Voiceover] So, we've been talking about the Gettysburg Address which was delivered by Abraham Lincoln on November 19th, 1863.발음듣기
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And as were saying in the last video, it's been about three and a half months since the Battle of Gettysburg when this speech is given and Lincoln himself is not even the headliner at this ceremony of dedicating this cemetery.발음듣기
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He is just supposed to give a few appropriate remarks while the famous orator Edward Everett gives the really bombastic, two hour long speech that is going to rile up the crowd and make everyone understand the importance of the battle and the importance of the cemetery that is being dedicated.발음듣기
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But, somehow, the 272 words that Lincoln says here in the Gettysburg Address has become one of the most famous and important pieces of rhetoric in American history.발음듣기
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So, in this video, I'd like to just take a little time to read the Gettysburg Address and to interpret it, line by line, to give a better sense of what it's trying to say and why it's so important.발음듣기
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Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.발음듣기
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Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.발음듣기
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We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.발음듣기
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But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground.발음듣기
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The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract.발음듣기
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The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.발음듣기
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It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.발음듣기
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It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us: that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.발음듣기
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And there's just something about Lincoln's oratory, the way that he puts things, that just rivets you, and this is why he was such a great leader and such a great politician.발음듣기
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Now, it's more than 150 years later and we still read this and memorize it in school and think about it on kind of a regular basis, because we frequently quote the words the he said here.발음듣기
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All right, so, Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.발음듣기
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In fact, some of the newspapers that printed the text of this speech, just said 87 years ago.발음듣기
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Well, I think this fourscore and seven years ago has this really strong, I would even say Biblical ring, right?발음듣기
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So, he's already setting the tone to say here, in this nation, we are measuring time almost Biblically.발음듣기
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Like this is a sacred mission, and it's been a sacred amount of time since the founding of the nation.발음듣기
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I know this is just basic math, but between the founding of the United States and the Civil War, when the union fought for its very survival, was less than 100 years.발음듣기
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Now, Lincoln as a young man, would have known older men who had fought in the Revolutionary War, Andrew Jackson for example.발음듣기
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So, Lincoln starts out by saying that less than 100 years ago, the United States was founded and it was founded on this principle, that all men are created equal.발음듣기
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Now, if you contrast this with the system of slavery, which the South is fighting to preserve, that is definitely in contrary distinction to the concept that all men are created equal.발음듣기
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So, Lincoln reminds his audience immediately that the founding principles of the United States were equality and liberty.발음듣기
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Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.발음듣기
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So in less than 100 years the idea that held the United States together is now being tested, and he's reminding people that the world is watching.발음듣기
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They're saying, all right, there's this upstart democracy in the Americas saying that monarchy, which has been the rule of Europe for more than 1000 years is a silly proposition and they can do better.발음듣기
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They're fighting a civil war because some folks want to be the masters of others and some folks don't think that's all right.발음듣기
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So, in a way, what Lincoln is reminding people here is that they're engaged in this grand experiment.발음듣기
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Right, this grand experiment of liberty and equality, where no one is the master of anyone else, where any person, like Abraham Lincoln, born in a log cabin, less than a year of school in his entire life can become president.발음듣기
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So, if the democracy of the United States fails, if this union falls apart, then it will have proved the doubters right, that democracy doesn't work.발음듣기
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We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.발음듣기
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And this is really interesting because prior to the civil war, it was frequent that people might say things like these United States right?발음듣기
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The idea that the states are the most prominent portion of the country and that the individual states plural, were together in a union that was secondary to the idea of statehood.발음듣기
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So, Lincoln is signaling here that this is one united nation, not just a collection of states and that is what the American forces are fighting for.발음듣기
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That is what the forces of the United States are trying to achieve, a united nation, not a united set of states.발음듣기
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The other interesting thing here is that he mentions it's altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.발음듣기
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Well, a lot of people thought that it wasn't proper for Lincoln to be speaking at this ceremony dedication.발음듣기
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Many people might say it's not appropriate for the president to be there because it's just a political opportunity, right?발음듣기
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And it's kind of ironic, because Lincoln's speech here is very sacred, very funereal, whereas Everett's speech was very political, saying this was a great battle, we have to remember that the Confederates are our enemies.발음듣기
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But Lincoln's speech is much gentler, much kinder, much more appropriate actually to a funeral perhaps than Everett's speech.발음듣기
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But, he feels it necessary to remind people that it is appropriate to gather here together to mark the dedication of this cemetery even though many might decry it as just political grandstanding.발음듣기
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In a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground.발음듣기
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The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract.발음듣기
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The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here but it can never forget what they did here.발음듣기
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They have become martyrs for this cause, so we can not consecrate the cemetery, they have already consecrated it with their blood and with their sacrifice.발음듣기
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It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.발음듣기
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It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion, that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.발음듣기
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We must honor their sacrifice for the experiment of liberty and equality by taking renewed dedication to that cause.발음듣기
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Come to this cemetery and take renewed heart in the mission of continuing democracy, continuing equality and continuing to fight for a United States of America.발음듣기
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