Darwinism vs. Social Darwinism part 1발음듣기
대기중
Darwinism vs. Social Darwinism part 1
88문장
98%
스페인어 번역 1명 참여
출처 : 칸아카데미
번역
0%
I'm interested in Darwinism, because in the late 19th century, usually called the Gilded Age, there is a very prominent interpretation of Darwinism that is called, Social Darwinism.발음듣기
대기중
Social Darwinism wasn't so much an actual form of biology, as it was, kind of a misinterpretation of how natural selection and the theory of evolution worked, that was used to justify or explain a lot of the social inequalities of this time period.발음듣기
대기중
The way people often thought about it was that white Anglo-Saxon people, so Europeans, Northern Europeans, were kind of the most evolved.발음듣기
대기중
This is our timeline of evolution, from least evolved to most evolved, and people like African Americans, or Asians, or Native Americans, or even Eastern Europeans, were less evolved.발음듣기
대기중
So, Emily, you're a biologist, and I would love to get your take on how it is that natural selection actually works, and how this doesn't quite describe what was really going on.발음듣기
대기중
I think that this is actually a common point of confusion when it comes to evolution, that there's not really such a thing, as more or less evolved in evolution. So...발음듣기
대기중
[Voiceover] No, I mean, there's sort of the, I think that people sometimes see the pictures of like, the ape standing up, and turning into a person, and they think, "Oh, this is sort of a linear path from one thing to another."발음듣기
대기중
What you really get is different types of organisms evolving from a shared ancestor, and branching off. So...발음듣기
대기중
[Voiceover] Nobody who's alive on Earth today has been evolving for more or less time, since their last common ancestor, than anybody else.발음듣기
대기중
[Voiceover] So would you, I'm gonna draw what I think is how you're explaining this, and please correct me, as I go along.발음듣기
대기중
Certainly, humans are all extremely closely related to each other, but we could even say this for us, versus a dog, a bacterium.발음듣기
대기중
That bacteria is just as evolved as you are, actually, in this sense of absolute time, since those two split apart.발음듣기
대기중
[Voiceover] Right, so from the moment that life first appeared on Earth, there has been so much time, and all of us have been evolving from that point.발음듣기
대기중
[Voiceover] Awesome. Okay, wow, I'm really relieved to find that I could describe that as well as I could. (laughs)발음듣기
대기중
[Voiceover] Okay, so you've done this, this distinction between evolving from a common ancestor.발음듣기
대기중
What would we need to have, in order for these beetles, as a group, to evolve by natural selection?발음듣기
대기중
[Voiceover] So, if you have identical beetles, you're not going to have any that are better at surviving or reproducing, than any others, which is kind of a key ingredient, for what we're gonna talk about.발음듣기
대기중
We have variation, and the next ingredient that we're going to need, is we're gonna need that variation to be heritable.발음듣기
대기중
We're gonna say that those beetles, one of them is green and one of them is blue, and that's because of something in their DNA.발음듣기
대기중
[Voiceover] Okay. Alright, so, when you say heritable, you mean that this is something that their descendants could inherit?발음듣기
대기중
So the final ingredient is that, the differences, these heritable differences, need to affect how good the beetles are at leaving offspring in the next generation.발음듣기
대기중
[Voiceover] For example, let's say, we would probably have more than two beetles, in our actual population...발음듣기
대기중
[Voiceover] But, let's say this population has just moved into a new area that is very blue colored.발음듣기
대기중
[Voiceover] I'm guessing, that if they have blue beetles and green beetles, that one of those is gonna show up a lot better against the blue environment, than the other.발음듣기
대기중
Probably a lot of our green beetles are gonna get picked off by birds, and they're not gonna be able to leave offspring, because gosh, they kinda got ate. (laughs)발음듣기
대기중
So, when you look at the next generation of beetles, if we know that the colors get passed on...발음듣기
대기중
[Voiceover] We're gonna probably see a bigger group of, a bigger proportion of that group, being made up of blue beetles, and less being made up of green.발음듣기
대기중
That is an example of natural selection in action, where you can see that organisms that survive and, specifically, reproduce better, in a certain environment, are going to increase in frequency in a population.발음듣기
대기중
[Voiceover] Yeah, I mean, natural selection is really, just the differential survival and reproduction.발음듣기
대기중
[Voiceover] Adaptation is the word that biologists often give to the process of a population getting better and better suited to its environment.발음듣기
대기중
[Voiceover] What I find really interesting about this, is that it's entirely by chance, right?발음듣기
대기중
More or less, you've got a genetic mutation, and then that mutation happens to suit the environment that you're in, which allows you to thrive and your genes, and your adaptations to be passed on, over time.발음듣기
대기중
Like you say, it would've been a mutation, it didn't happen 'cause the beetles went to a blue place, and said, "Gosh, I should be blue, that would be awesome."발음듣기
대기중
칸아카데미 더보기더 보기
-
The plants & the bees: Plant reproduction
87문장 0%번역 좋아요2
번역하기 -
Bailout 1: Liquidity vs. solvency
155문장 98%번역 좋아요2
번역하기 -
17문장 0%번역 좋아요0
번역하기 -
Mortgage-backed securities III
115문장 0%번역 좋아요3
번역하기
