Commas in space and time

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Commas in space and time발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Hello, grammarians! Hello, Paige!발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Hi, David.발음듣기

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So today we're gonna be talking about commas in space and time because commas have basically one function, which is...발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Separating parts of sentences.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Separating parts of sentences.발음듣기

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And what's neat is that we can use commas to separate stuff out in space and separate stuff out in time.발음듣기

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So I'm gonna handle space; Paige is gonna do time.발음듣기

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It's gonna be sweet.발음듣기

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So first of all, one way in which you can use commas to separate space is by talking about addresses, people's physical addresses in space.발음듣기

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So the fictitious private detective, Nero Wolfe, one of my very favorites, is supposed to live at 454 West 35th Street in New York.발음듣기

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So if I wanted to write Mister Wolfe a letter, and I would write him a letter because he hates talking on the phone, I would address it like so, separating all elements of his address with commas.발음듣기

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So Nero Wolfe, comma, 454 West 35th Street, comma, New York City, or just New York, comma, New York.발음듣기

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And then I would put the zip code, which I think is 10001, but I'm not sure if they had zip codes when those stories took place, but it doesn't matter.발음듣기

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You separate out all of these elements with commas.발음듣기

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And this isn't just for writing addresses; this is for referring to any point in space on the Planet.발음듣기

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So if I wanted to tell you the name of my favorite city on the Planet, I would say: "Ouagadougou", comma, Burkina Faso."발음듣기

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Real place. I've never been there.발음듣기

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I would like to go someday.발음듣기

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And that is how you use commas in space.발음듣기

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Paige, how are commas used in time?발음듣기

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[Voiceover] So commas are used in dates.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] OK.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] So, I could say: on Tuesday, comma, October fifth, comma, 2010, comma, I ate a cricket.발음듣기

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So, as you can see, we've separated the day of the week from the day of the month, October fifth, from the year, 2010, and then separated all that from the rest of the sentence: I ate a cricket.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Because all of this is like a prepositional phrase that is modifying the word ate.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] True.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] So we wanna make sure that all of it is separated out from the rest of the sentence; and we separate it out using our friend, the comma.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Of course.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] So if you want to express a kind of complicated relationship in time or in space, you wanna make sure a letter gets to a very specific place, you wanna talk about a very specific city in a very specific country, you use commas.발음듣기

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You wanna talk about a very specific time, you use commas.발음듣기

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That's commas in space and time, my grammarians.발음듣기

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You can learn anything. David out.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Paige out.발음듣기

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