Prepositional phrases

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Prepositional phrases발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Hey grammarians, let's talk about prepositional phrases: what they are, and how they're used.발음듣기

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Their care and feeding, you know.발음듣기

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So a prepositional phrase, simply speaking, is anything that follows a preposition, frankly.발음듣기

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So, if we look at the sentence: Danielle blew the horn with the strength of a giant-quick little doodle there.발음듣기

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There's Danielle blowing the horn with the strength of a giant.발음듣기

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So this part with the strength of a giant, is a prepositional phrase.발음듣기

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Actually, it's two prepositional phrases, because there's with the strength, and then, of a giant.발음듣기

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What is a prepositional phrase?발음듣기

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It is a word chunk that begins with a preposition.발음듣기

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So, with is a preposition, of is a preposition, and this entire thing, with the strength of a giant, is one prepositional phrase, altogether, composed of two smaller ones.발음듣기

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And what's cool, is you can use prepositional phrases in a couple of different ways.발음듣기

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You can use them as nouns.발음듣기

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You can use them as adverbs.발음듣기

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And you can use them as adjectives.발음듣기

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So we've got two different examples here, just even within this first sentence here.발음듣기

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So Danielle blew the horn with the strength of a giant.발음듣기

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How did she blow the horn?발음듣기

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With the strength of a giant.발음듣기

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And so she blew the horn with the strength of a giant.발음듣기

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So, with the strength of a giant, this prepositional phrase is modifying the verb blew.발음듣기

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You can really see, her hair's being blown back just by the strength of this (trumpet noise).발음듣기

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So this whole thing together is being treated as an adverb, but if we look at the word strength, strength is being modified by of a giant.발음듣기

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So this is a noun, right, the word strength is a noun, but this of a giant thing is modifying it, so this part is actually behaving as an adjective.발음듣기

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Kinda cool, right?발음듣기

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Let's look at some more examples.발음듣기

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To steal the queen's diamonds would be a terrible crime.발음듣기

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This is actually something we'd call, in addition to being a prepositional phrase, this is something we'd call an infinitive.발음듣기

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The verb to steal, when it's presented like this, in the to form never conjugates.발음듣기

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It's not affected by time, so it's kind of infinitive and infinite.발음듣기

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But we are treating this whole thing as a noun, right, because to steal the queen's diamonds is kind of all being considered one thing, this big, old prepositional phrase, would, right, to steal the queen's diamonds would be a terrible crime.발음듣기

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So, this prepositional phrase is acting like a noun.발음듣기

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Let's try another one.발음듣기

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I don't know what that is, I just made it up.발음듣기

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Let's pay attention to how the prepositional phrase of glass works in the rest of the sentence.발음듣기

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You know, what part of this is it attached to?발음듣기

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It's not I of glass, or enjoy of glass.발음듣기

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It's the cathedral of glass, and that means that this of glass thing is describing cathedral.발음듣기

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A cathedral is a place or a structure, so it's a noun, right, so if of glass is modifying this noun, that would make it an adjective.발음듣기

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So of glass here, this prepositional phrase, is behaving like an adjective.발음듣기

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Prepositional phrases can be really powerful and really elegant, and really cool.발음듣기

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Like in Hamlet, in the "to be, or not to be" speech, Hamlet describes death as the undiscovered country, from whose bourn, no traveler returns.발음듣기

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And bourn is an Early Modern English word meaning, like, boundary.발음듣기

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What Hamlet is saying in the soliloquy is that death is a mystery.발음듣기

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People don't come back from it.발음듣기

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And I think that's like a really powerful use of a prepositional phrase.발음듣기

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All of this is describing country in a way that undiscovered is also doing.발음듣기

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So country is being modified from both sides, which is really cool, and it imbues the word country with a really strange power.발음듣기

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But, you have to be careful because you can set yourself up for a lot of ambiguity with prepositional phrases.발음듣기

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You may remember this terrible joke from Mary Poppins.발음듣기

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One man says, "I knew a man with a wooden leg named Smith."발음듣기

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Other guy says, "But what was the name of his other leg?"발음듣기

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It's silly, but it's a good way to indicate where confusion can arise with prepositional phrases.발음듣기

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So I would say, generally, that the solution to a problem like this is to just put the named Smith part earlier in the sentence.발음듣기

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I knew a man named Smith who had a wooden leg.발음듣기

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Maybe lose the prepositional phrase.발음듣기

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That solves the problem.발음듣기

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What I'm trying to say is, prepositional phrases are very powerful, but you have to be careful about how you use them, because if you're not careful, you can create confusion or ambiguity.발음듣기

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Anyway, you can learn anything.발음듣기

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Sorry for the terrible cockney accent. David out.발음듣기

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