Relative adverbs

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Relative adverbs발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Hey grammarians. Today we're gonna talk about three of the relative adverbs in English.발음듣기

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Which is where, when, and why.발음듣기

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And this over here is Peggy the dragon.발음듣기

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And we're gonna use the story of Peggy the dragon in order to figure out how to use these relative adverbs.발음듣기

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You may be looking at these words and thinking that they look an awful lot like question words.발음듣기

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And you're right they are.발음듣기

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These are questions words.발음듣기

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But you can also - so you can use them to ask a question like, where are you from?발음듣기

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Because we use the word, where to figure out where stuff is in space.발음듣기

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So you know, where figures out place.발음듣기

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So Peggy could respond and say that is the cave where I grew up.발음듣기

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And you can see that where, here is not being used in a question way.발음듣기

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It's actually connecting the clause I grew up, to cave.발음듣기

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And this is why we call this a relative adverb.발음듣기

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Because the word, where, modifies the word grew.발음듣기

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It's I grew up, where.발음듣기

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And it also connects this whole thing to cave.발음듣기

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Because where did Peggy grow up?발음듣기

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A cave. And it connects this whole chuck to the rest of the sentence.발음듣기

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To the sentence being, that is the cave.발음듣기

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We use the word, when, to ask questions about time.발음듣기

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So if I ask Peggy you know, you're a dragon when did you learn to breathe fire?발음듣기

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Because all dragons can breathe fire (whooshing).발음듣기

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She would say, I learned to breathe fire when I was 10 years old.발음듣기

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So again we're using this word, when, to connect these two ideas.발음듣기

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When did she learn to breathe fire?발음듣기

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When she was 10 years old.발음듣기

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And technically, when is an adverb that modifies was.발음듣기

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Finally, we use the word why to figure out reasons for doing stuff.발음듣기

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So if something strange were happening in the countryside and I asked Peggy, oh mighty dragon do you know why it is raining fish?발음듣기

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Peggy could say, I don't know why that's happening.발음듣기

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So again we've go these two clauses that is happening, and I don't know.발음듣기

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And, why, connects and relates them.발음듣기

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And why is modifying is happening here.발음듣기

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And there are other relative adverbs like while, is another way to say when.발음듣기

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And whence, which is archaic and nobody really uses it but it's another way to say where.발음듣기

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And if you're familiar with Romeo and Juliet from Shakespeare, you've probably heard the word wherefore.발음듣기

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You know as in, "Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny thy father refuse thy name."발음듣기

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Etcetera. And that's an old fashioned way of saying why.발음듣기

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So we don't really say wherefore anymore.발음듣기

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We don't really say whence anymore.발음듣기

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But while, is another way to say when.발음듣기

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Where, you ask about place.발음듣기

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When, you ask about time.발음듣기

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Why, is for reasons.발음듣기

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These are the relative adverbs of English.발음듣기

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You can learn anything. David out.발음듣기

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