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Reflexive pronouns

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Reflexive pronouns발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Hello, grammarians. Let's talk about reflexive pronouns and just as a word of warning, this means I'm going to be talking about myself a lot.발음듣기

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What I mean is that, in English, we have this distinction between the personal pronoun, so for example, me, and its reflexive pronoun, which is myself.발음듣기

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And we use these pronouns in very specific cases.발음듣기

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So I'm gonna show you what all of those reflexive pronouns look like contrasted with their personal pronoun forms and then we're going to talk about how we use them.발음듣기

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So in the first person we say the personal pronoun is me, the reflexive pronoun is myself.발음듣기

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The first person plural personal pronoun is us and the reflexive form of that is ourselves.발음듣기

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Then in the second person, both plural and singular personal pronoun is you and then, in the reflexive it can be either yourself when you're addressing one person or yourselves when the "you" you are talking to consists of more than one person.발음듣기

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The singular third person pronouns look like this it, her, and him and their reflective versions are as follows... itself, herself, and himself.발음듣기

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Finally, the personal pronoun them becomes the reflexive pronoun, themselves.발음듣기

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Now, all of these are what we would call object pronouns.발음듣기

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They can all be the object of a verb.발음듣기

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So they're never the do-ers, they're always the do-ees.발음듣기

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With the exception of you or it, none of these pronouns can be the subject of a sentence.발음듣기

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In Standard American English, it is not grammatical to say "Me eat a cookie" for example.발음듣기

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It's part of why Cookie Monster sounds so funny.발음듣기

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So then the question becomes, when do you use these?발음듣기

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So the place for these object pronouns to go is in the back end of a sentence.발음듣기

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What we call the predicate, where the object of the verb lives.발음듣기

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So, for example, "She poked me."발음듣기

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She is the subject of the sentence and me is the object, is the object of the verb poked.발음듣기

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It is the do-ee, it is the thing that something is done to not the do-er.발음듣기

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So that's when you'd use object pronouns, generally.발음듣기

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But, when do you use reflexive pronouns?발음듣기

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You use reflexive pronouns when the subject and the object of a sentence are the same thing.발음듣기

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Let me show you an example sentence.발음듣기

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Janelle made herself breakfast.발음듣기

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So in this sentence, herself and Janelle are the same person as opposed to the other possibility which is Janelle making breakfast for someone else.발음듣기

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Janelle made us breakfast, and in this case, this usage is not reflective.발음듣기

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She's not doing a thing for herself or to herself.발음듣기

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She's making breakfast for other people.발음듣기

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And so, you'd just use the regular personal object pronoun there.발음듣기

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You can only use the reflexive pronoun when the subject and the object of the sentence are the same thing.발음듣기

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Janelle is the same thing as herself.발음듣기

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Janelle is not the same thing as us, so we would say us here and not ourselves.발음듣기

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How about this one?발음듣기

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Roderick saw me in the mirror.발음듣기

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Now I am not named Roderick.발음듣기

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I am not the same thing as Roderick, and if I were writing a sentence about myself, I would say, I saw myself in the mirror.발음듣기

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Roderick and I, me, are not the same person.발음듣기

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I and myself are the same person.발음듣기

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The same person as Roderick is Roderick.발음듣기

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So if we were to say, Roderick saw Roderick in the mirror, we would render that as, Roderick saw himself because the subject here and the object here are the same thing.발음듣기

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So remember, you use reflexive pronouns when the subject and the object of a sentence are the same thing.발음듣기

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It's really easy to get tripped up this way, especially if there's a compound object in the sentence.발음듣기

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For example, you can talk to Vidya or myself.발음듣기

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I see this all the time, and in Standard American English this is not correct because you is not the same thing as me.발음듣기

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And it's easy to get confused because you're talking about two people here in this object and that's a little befuddling.발음듣기

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It kind of throws you off.발음듣기

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And so there's a test you can do.발음듣기

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If you're unsure of whether or not it should be Vidya or myself or Vidya or me, which is what I would say, how do you tell?발음듣기

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Take the other person out of the object, just for a little bit.발음듣기

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So would you say, you can talk to myself or would you say, you can talk to me?발음듣기

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Well, since we know you is not the same thing as myself, and you can only use reflexive pronouns when the subject and the object are the same thing, the answer is me.발음듣기