Thinking like a historian발음듣기
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Thinking like a historian
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출처 : 칸아카데미
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[Voiceover] I think one of the most underrated skills for learning history is learning how to think like a historian.발음듣기
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Does that mean that you have to go out and buy a tweed jacket with some elbow patches and maybe grow a long, white beard and sit around all day pondering whether the Civil War was caused by slavery or states' rights?발음듣기
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But I would say thinking like a historian is a little bit like being a combination between a storyteller and a scientist . . . you're gonna see me draw a really, really bad beaker here there we go . . . some little fumes coming off of that.발음듣기
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I think one of the most important things that we can learn from telling this story of history is that in a good story nothing just happens.발음듣기
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No one is making those things happen and that's why it's kind of a boring story because it doesn't show cause and effect.발음듣기
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And you would be surprised how often people can fall into the trap of telling history, this incredible story about what people have done in the past that has led to the society we have today as if it were kind of a laundry list of events that just followed one after another without any possibility of things being different.발음듣기
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People will say, "and then World War II happened" or and then the United States was born," right?발음듣기
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Those statements are in passive voice because they don't talk about the people who make these things happen.발음듣기
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And really, short of a natural disaster, pretty much everything happens in history because people made it happen.발음듣기
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So when you think like a historian, you kind of think the same way that a novelist might think.발음듣기
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You wouldn't write a story where a thief stole 100 million dollars and the police didn't even try to come after her.발음듣기
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Neither can you write a story about history without talking about the effects that actions have on people.발음듣기
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It's a series of events that happened in the past and now we just have to memorize what happened so we can learn from it and maybe have a good idea about what to do in the future.발음듣기
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And so historians always have to do a kind of research to understand what happened and get a better idea of what people were feeling.발음듣기
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So just like scientists have theories, when historians think about the past, they're really thinking about theories as well.발음듣기
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Well, I'm gonna theorize it was because people were reacting to the horror of World War I which made so many people interested in kind of, staccato notes and discordant sounds.발음듣기
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You might say, alright well, let me take the letters of some jazz musicians from this time period and see what they write about.발음듣기
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Maybe they write all about how they experienced battle in World War I and they were trying to reflect that in their music.발음듣기
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Actually, they wanted to simulate the sounds of flight because they were so interested in modern forms of transportation.발음듣기
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I mean we have a pretty good idea of what was going on most of the time, but new information comes to light all the time, right?발음듣기
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I mean people are always cleaning out their grandma's attic and finding some new documents and as the preponderance of the evidence shifts and changes so might our understanding of the past.발음듣기
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The last aspect of thinking like a historian I want to talk about is this kind of lawyerly aspect.발음듣기
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Just like a lawyer gets up in a court room and says, "Here's my idea, now let me support it with the evidence from witnesses, from experts, from objects we might have found at a crime scene."발음듣기
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And I think the analogy of law is really powerful here because you could see the same pieces of evidence used to support two different arguments.발음듣기
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So for example, say there's, maybe . . . a sock that was found at the scene of a crime right, and here's our sock . . .발음듣기
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But, maybe the prosecution tries to argue . . . that the accused must have committed this crime because the sock is his size.발음듣기
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So it's clear that the sock shows that he couldn't possibly have been the one to do this crime.발음듣기
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The task of the historian is to gather evidence and to present an argument that they think will best convince the public of their interpretation.발음듣기
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So in later videos we'll get into the nuts and bolts of how you tell these stories and make these arguments.발음듣기
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But for now, I just kind of want you to see that thinking like a historian is not something that only historians can do.발음듣기
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We tell stories, search for evidence, and make arguments in our lives all the time about things that we interact with every day like our favorite bands, our favorite foods, our political views, right?발음듣기
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We base those on our own experiences, consequences in our lives and evidence that we see around us.발음듣기
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