Modal verbs

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Modal verbs

[Voiceover] Hello grammarians! Today we're gonna talk about a class of auxiliary, or helper verbs, called the modal verbs.

These are verbs that have special properties and help other verbs.

But what is modality?

My fellow grammarian, I am so glad you asked.

Modality is when we use these verbs to express conditions on stuff.

So we can use these verbs to determine if something is likely to happen, or certain to have happened.

Whether or not something is possible, or whether or not we have the ability to do something.

Whether or not we have the permission to do something.

And whether or not we have the obligation or requirement or need to do something.

You already know all of these verbs, I promise you.

You just didn't know this name for them.

Let's meet the modals.

Roll call, here we go.

May, might, must, can, could, shall, should, will, would.

Those are the modals.

So here's what modal verbs can do.

Thing number one, they agree with everything.

So you can take any one of these modals and you can use any subject in the world and it's not gonna change, right?

You take a word like talk, for instance, and you would say I talk, Diane talks.

Right, you add the s.

But any subject in any sentence is going to take the modal verb the same way.

Let me show you.

I can do it, you can do it, she can do it, they can do it, we can do it.

It's all the same.

They agree with everything.

Something else that modals do is actually something that they don't do.

They don't have a to form, this is what we call the infinitive.

So there's no such thing as to may, or to could.

That just doesn't exist.

So modals don't have infinitives.

You can't say I want to should.

That is an illegal operation in English.

It is ungrammatical.

It doesn't matter what version of English you speak, across all varieties of English you cannot to should.

And finally, a thing that modal verbs can do is indicate modality.

Which, like we said, establishes conditions.

So let's take a look at some examples.

So the word must, right?

We can use the word must in a couple different ways.

So, if you imagine a detective looking up from some tracks, some muddy boot prints on the floor, with her magnifying glass.

She looks up and she says "He must have gone that way!"

That detective is using must to express a likelihood, a high likelihood.

This must have happened.

But if you're at an amusement park and the roller coaster you want to ride has a height requirement, the sign probably says "You must be this tall to ride the Doom-Coaster."

This is like a necessary condition.

By a similar token, if you enter someone's house and they demand that you take off your shoes, they would say "You must remove your shoes."

Similarly with may, we can use may to express a possibility, like saying "It may rain."

That's something that could possibly happen.

Or to give someone permission, like "You may enter."

You can use a word like can to express ability.

You could say "I can eat ten pounds of broccoli!"

And that's expressing your ability to do a thing.

We also use modal verbs like this to talk about conditions, or stuff that isn't going to happen or maybe could happen.

And so, for example, in this sentence, we would say "I would make the bed, but I'm tired."

Because the possibility exists, however remote, that the bed would be made by me, but I don't feel like it.

So I'm using would to offer an excuse, I'm saying this could possibly happen, this would happen, except for this one other problem, which is that I'm sleepy.

You can also use modal verbs to give advice to someone, as in "You shouldn't do that."

And something that is special to will, and, to a lesser extent, shall, is that they can form the future.

Shall used to be a lot more popular, and it still is in British English, but less so in standard American.

So would say "He will win the competition."

Or "He shall win the competition."

And use of this modal verb will, or shall, indicates that that thing that you're talking about is happening in the future.

These verbs are very powerful.

You should learn how to use them and in fact if you can complete the exercises, then you will master these tricky verbs.

You can learn anything. David out.

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Modal verbs발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

[Voiceover] Hello grammarians! Today we're gonna talk about a class of auxiliary, or helper verbs, called the modal verbs.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

These are verbs that have special properties and help other verbs.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

But what is modality?발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

My fellow grammarian, I am so glad you asked.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Modality is when we use these verbs to express conditions on stuff.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So we can use these verbs to determine if something is likely to happen, or certain to have happened.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Whether or not something is possible, or whether or not we have the ability to do something.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Whether or not we have the permission to do something.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And whether or not we have the obligation or requirement or need to do something.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

You already know all of these verbs, I promise you.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

You just didn't know this name for them.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Let's meet the modals.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Roll call, here we go.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

May, might, must, can, could, shall, should, will, would.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Those are the modals.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So here's what modal verbs can do.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Thing number one, they agree with everything.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So you can take any one of these modals and you can use any subject in the world and it's not gonna change, right?발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

You take a word like talk, for instance, and you would say I talk, Diane talks.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Right, you add the s.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

But any subject in any sentence is going to take the modal verb the same way.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Let me show you.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

I can do it, you can do it, she can do it, they can do it, we can do it.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

It's all the same.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

They agree with everything.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Something else that modals do is actually something that they don't do.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

They don't have a to form, this is what we call the infinitive.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So there's no such thing as to may, or to could.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

That just doesn't exist.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So modals don't have infinitives.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

You can't say I want to should.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

That is an illegal operation in English.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

It is ungrammatical.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

It doesn't matter what version of English you speak, across all varieties of English you cannot to should.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And finally, a thing that modal verbs can do is indicate modality.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Which, like we said, establishes conditions.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So let's take a look at some examples.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So the word must, right?발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

We can use the word must in a couple different ways.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So, if you imagine a detective looking up from some tracks, some muddy boot prints on the floor, with her magnifying glass.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

She looks up and she says "He must have gone that way!"발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

That detective is using must to express a likelihood, a high likelihood.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

This must have happened.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

But if you're at an amusement park and the roller coaster you want to ride has a height requirement, the sign probably says "You must be this tall to ride the Doom-Coaster."발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

This is like a necessary condition.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

By a similar token, if you enter someone's house and they demand that you take off your shoes, they would say "You must remove your shoes."발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Similarly with may, we can use may to express a possibility, like saying "It may rain."발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

That's something that could possibly happen.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Or to give someone permission, like "You may enter."발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

You can use a word like can to express ability.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

You could say "I can eat ten pounds of broccoli!"발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And that's expressing your ability to do a thing.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

We also use modal verbs like this to talk about conditions, or stuff that isn't going to happen or maybe could happen.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And so, for example, in this sentence, we would say "I would make the bed, but I'm tired."발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Because the possibility exists, however remote, that the bed would be made by me, but I don't feel like it.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So I'm using would to offer an excuse, I'm saying this could possibly happen, this would happen, except for this one other problem, which is that I'm sleepy.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

You can also use modal verbs to give advice to someone, as in "You shouldn't do that."발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And something that is special to will, and, to a lesser extent, shall, is that they can form the future.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Shall used to be a lot more popular, and it still is in British English, but less so in standard American.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So would say "He will win the competition."발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Or "He shall win the competition."발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And use of this modal verb will, or shall, indicates that that thing that you're talking about is happening in the future.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

These verbs are very powerful.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

You should learn how to use them and in fact if you can complete the exercises, then you will master these tricky verbs.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

You can learn anything. David out.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

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