Restoring Rothko발음듣기
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Restoring Rothko
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출처 : 칸아카데미
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It’s time to bring you some news that’s come into us which is a man has been jailed for two years for defacing a painting by the artist Mark Rothko.발음듣기
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It is an important group of works because it was the first time he made a sequence that he conceived of as a environment.발음듣기
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A visitor used black paint and a small brush and scrawled over the corner of a mural by the artist Mark Rothko.발음듣기
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When the ink was applied to the bottom right corner of this one painting it not only destroyed one painting, it destroyed a whole group of paintings because this painting is one of a series of nine at Tate.발음듣기
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The piece has now been removed from public view and taken to the gallery’s conservation department.발음듣기
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It’s incredibly important to remove this ink because it destroys the integrity of the whole series.발음듣기
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If you are trying to remove something that you don’t want from a work of art the key concept is solubility.발음듣기
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So, one of the first things we did in the science lab is to find out what is in the ink in order to understand the solubility of the ink.발음듣기
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Because we didn’t know how Rothko made his work we had to make a representative sample which had a layer structure similar to the painting.발음듣기
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Scientists before me, as well as myself, have spent time looking at the different layers of Rothko’s paintings.발음듣기
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He painted with a lot of thin layers and they merged into one big heterogeneous layer so they’re very difficult to sample and they’re very difficult to analyse.발음듣기
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What we’re aiming to do is to create an approximation of the layer structure with the same materials that Rothko used, so that we can then do our own testing.발음듣기
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We cut it up into sections and we put sections of it into our environmental accelerated ageing chambers.발음듣기
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What we’re aiming to do is accelerate the ageing of the samples Rachel and I made so that the materials approximate the age of the painting a little better because the painting we’re dealing with is now 55 years old, around that and it’s just easier for us to test our cleaning strategies on an aged sample.발음듣기
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Not only is it important that we try and produce a similar form of graffiti but that we use a similar amount of ink.발음듣기
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What kind of level would it be appropriate to take it to how much ink are we going to be happy leaving.발음듣기
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How best to manipulate the solvent in order to remove the ink in a way that removes as much ink as possible but minimises any damage to the underlying paint film.발음듣기
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And, I think part of that is about science but part of that is about hands on skills and the manipulation of materials and that’s very much a conservator’s realm rather than a scientist’s realm.발음듣기
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My own reading of Rothko’s painting techniques is that he was primarily after an emotional response and that therefore, perhaps information that is intellectual such as material composition could be a distraction.발음듣기
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But from my perspective I find delving deeply into the material as mystifying and as beautiful as standing two feet away from the painting.발음듣기
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So, I’ve been very keen to show you this Carol something very exciting, that we found in the warehouse in New York.발음듣기
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But it’s also, I mean, it’s also a steady piece it doesn’t have any of the magic any allure of the final work.발음듣기
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This isn’t about making a painting but in the end it’s going to be your interpretation of what you see on the surface.발음듣기
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You either leave ink and leave more of Rothko’s material intact or you go slightly deeper and you forfeit a little bit of Rothko’s pigment in order to get more ink out and, the ink that had gone through the canvas has that been removed as well or is that still there?발음듣기
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Doesn't it look wonderful? I was so excited I looked at it and I thought hold on, I thought he wrote his whole name.발음듣기
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The maroon paint has at least one layer of paint less than the black and it also has no glazing layers on it and, as a result the maroon paint on this painting is more vulnerable to physical disruption it’s more vulnerable to solvents and it’s generally more porous.발음듣기
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So, in that sense it was also more vulnerable to the ink that was applied to the surface during the incident.발음듣기
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We’ve decided that it’s unlikely that we’ll be able to remove enough ink from the front of the painting.발음듣기
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So, we’re embarking on another period of research using suction techniques trying to pull ink through the back and out of the canvas.발음듣기
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I’m quite nervous about using suction techniques purely because up till now I’ve had absolute control over the application of solvent because I’ve been using my own hand and I’ve been able to apply the solvent with a very high level of precision.발음듣기
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There is always the worry that as the solvent is dragged through the paint system and through the canvas that it might cause the ink to spread both at the front and at the back.발음듣기
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After extensive testing with suction techniques on the test samples we decided not to take it forward on to the painting because of the amount of solvent we were using and the amount of pressure we were also exerting on the surface of the painting to get just very, very minimum results.발음듣기
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What we’re going to do in the next couple of days is to rethink the solvent blend possibly work with something that’s a little faster evaporating so it doesn’t spend so much time in the paint film.발음듣기
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We got a lot of penetration of the ink right into the paint and we tried lots of different solvent techniques which Bronwyn can expand on.발음듣기
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I guess that’s a testament to the fact that you’re pretty confident that you know how to get this off at this point.발음듣기
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It’s funny because I was just revisiting aspects of my father, the big biography written about my father in the early '90s and all these people were saying he was so secretive and he didn’t want to talk to anyone about his techniques.발음듣기
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I’m also not convinced that he was so much secretive and trying to hide his special technique because he didn’t really want the focus on that he wanted people to experience the paintings.발음듣기
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But the back set of that is for people like me, and especially like you it makes everything much more complicated because he didn’t document.발음듣기
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I mean, I have to say, that what’s unique about this project, for me is that I’ve had access 12 hours a day to a conservation scientist.발음듣기
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And we've had the time, to really think and test systematically I mean, I saw this work about a month ago, it's come on leaps even in that period It’s just extraordinary.발음듣기
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And, if you can alter that combination of the actives as well, you could get it more glossy and less translucent It's going to look really consistent.발음듣기
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No, I mean, I think under the conditions of gallery lighting it might be slightly different.발음듣기
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But I was very nervous about getting close to it but I’m pleased to say that the painting does look really good in the gallery space under the gallery lights.발음듣기
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It was absolutely terrifying seeing the painting hung in the gallery and getting a sense of how the public would see the painting and, I’m hoping that they won’t be able to see it.발음듣기
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