Ghiberti, "Gates of Paradise," east doors of the Florence Baptistery발음듣기
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Ghiberti, "Gates of Paradise," east doors of the Florence Baptistery
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These doors were for the baptistery, an incredibly important building in the history of Florence.발음듣기
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And this goes back to Michelangelo who referred to them this way, but of course this is legend.발음듣기
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[Steven] Well, he said that these doors were so beautiful that they could actually be the doors of heaven itself.발음듣기
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[Beth] They were by Andrea Pisano and the subject of those doors was the life of St. John the Baptist.발음듣기
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[Beth] Even though these doors by Ghiberti were intended for the north side, when they were done they were considered so beautiful that were placed on the east side facing the cathedral itself, a place of honor.발음듣기
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Only a few years ago they were black with grime, but now all that original gilding is visible.발음듣기
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Now we should say first too, that was commissioned by the wealthiest of the guilds of Florence.발음듣기
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If you look at medieval cathedrals, the doors are often surrounded by the most elaborate carving.발음듣기
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But if you go all the way back to the classical tradition, if you go back to ancient Rome, there is a great tradition of bronze doors.발음듣기
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[Steven] And it makes sense that the Florentines would want bronze doors in this tradition on the baptistery, since the Florentines believed that their baptistery had ancient roots.발음듣기
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Now these are very different from the earlier doors, which were much more gothic in their design.발음듣기
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[Beth] But here instead of those quatrefoil shapes, Ghiberti is giving us ten square scenes.발음듣기
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If we compare these to the earlier quatrefoil forms, what I see is a sculptor who's trying to fit into a predefined space.발음듣기
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Whereas here there is now this confidence, this renaissance notion that the artist is capable of creating an entire world within that space.발음듣기
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[Beth] Before you basically had a ledge with some figures on it and a schematic architectural setting.발음듣기
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Here, you're right, the artist can open up that space and make it deep, make it wide, and really create a virtual reality.발음듣기
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This mathematical way of constructing a really convincing illusion of space in relief sculpture or in painting.발음듣기
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[Steven] You call this relief sculpture and in fact, some of the primary figures are almost in the round.발음듣기
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But then as we move back into the pictorial space, figures get smaller and they get shallower, until figures are only described by lines that are cut into the surface.발음듣기
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[Beth] That way of creating an illusion of space goes back to Donatello's relief sculpture of St. George and the dragon.발음듣기
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[Steven] And so we have this transition from the full sculptural form to what becomes almost drawing.발음듣기
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[Beth] So everything here is not only about an illusion of space, but also about an illusion of reality in terms of the figures.발음듣기
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There's an ease of the figures that is so different then the gothic doors that became before them.발음듣기
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[Steven] And the scene starts in the extreme upper right corner, where we see God appearing to Rebecca.발음듣기
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[Beth] Why do my two future children seem to be already fighting and they're not even born yet?발음듣기
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He goes to his brother Jacob who's about to eat a bowl of stew and says, can I have the stew, I'm famished.발음듣기
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Isaac likes the meat that Esau brings back and he also tells him, when you come back I will give you my blessing.발음듣기
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Rebecca says to Jacob, while your brother's out hunting I want you to bring me a couple of goats.발음듣기
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And you're going to bring him that stew and you're going to trick Isaac into thinking that you're Esau.발음듣기
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[Steven] This is a pretty complicated story and yet the artist has been able to delineate it quite clearly.발음듣기
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This early Renaissance moment is so proud of their knowledge of the classical tradition and of their ability to reinvent it.발음듣기
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[Beth] And the round arches and the plasters with Corinthian capitals and the way that the figures stand in contrapposto.발음듣기
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[Steven] And what that does is it sets up a stage set, where this complex narrative can be clearly represented.발음듣기
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