Borromini, San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane발음듣기
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Borromini, San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane
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(bouncy piano music) A few hundred yards after Sant'Andrea Al Quirinale, we've come to another busy intersection in Rome, and this is the church of San Carlo, St. Charles.발음듣기
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Alle Quattro San Fontane The Church of St. Charles of the four fountains because we have at this intersection four fountains.발음듣기
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Like Bernini's St. Andrews Church, Sant'Andrea Al Quirinale, this has a very limited space and the great architect, Borromini, Francesco Borromini, who was the exact contemporary of Bernini.발음듣기
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He was so grateful to this order of religion, the Trinitarians who were his first clients in Rome that he said I will waive my fee.발음듣기
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Michaelangelo also worked for free when he was consulted architect of St. Peters, so he couldn't get sued either.발음듣기
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Mathematics perhaps before everything, the pure science of mathematics, but then undulation, curving and in particular, a balance between convex and concave and this is a well-known feature of his architecture.발음듣기
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The idea of nature and geometry being inseparably connected and just pure light and shapes comes to the fore.발음듣기
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The basic concept doesn't really come from an oval, but from the main theme of the order of religion, that this church was owned by at this time and it still owns it, the Trinitarians, that is the followers of the Holy Trinity.발음듣기
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If you think of it as a triangle and make two triangles, draw them on a piece of paper, put them side by side, that is one of the flat sides against one of the other flat sides and you have a diamond shape or a lozenge shape.발음듣기
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If you inscribe within each triangle a circle and then start to draw lines from one point to another, those are the lines of the architecture of this church.발음듣기
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From the minute we walk in, we see one series of circles intersected by the beginning of a line at what appears to be a right angle.발음듣기
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Then we realize that this is not a right angle because it's a curve, we have a very sophisticated inter-connection of geometrical shapes.발음듣기
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Of course all of this geometrical complexity resolves and this is also very musical and mathematical.발음듣기
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When the eye is drawn up by these great, white columns and again a series of undulating lines that divided the lower part of the church from the upper part, we go into a purer oval and then above that, the pure white light of the real sunlight coming in through the lantern and the ceiling is made of inter-connected square shapes, crosses, hexagons and octagons.발음듣기
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These are derived by Borromini from the early Christian church of Santa Costanza outside the walls of Rome which was built in the 4th Century and has exactly this series of inter-connected geometrical shapes.발음듣기
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This is the early Christian fascination, we could say even the Byzantine one at that point, with inter-connecting shapes that then resolve because they all fit together.발음듣기
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Yes. I think that apparent paradox of on the one hand imagination and fantasy and emotion, on the other intellect actually do resolve here because in the end it's this question of numbers that is so mysterious and yet it resolves in the end.발음듣기
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Now the counterpart, you do not have to be an expert in counterpoint to appreciate the music of Bach, to appreciate the extraordinary melodies and harmonies and yet of course if you deconstruct, if you analyze it, we have something highly intellectual and mathematical, but we don't feel that we have to be at that level because the impact of that music is emotional.발음듣기
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Just as when we entered this church, we feel the impact of it immediately visually without having, again as I say, to involve ourselves too intellectually.발음듣기
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His decorations is again symmetrical, but they all look different to begin with but actually it's one rosette.발음듣기
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That is a rose or flower shaped piece of architectural decoration flanked by two others that are different, but they are symmetrical to each other and two more.발음듣기
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The other thing that Borromini was very fond of and we find it throughout his architecture is, well first of all carving.발음듣기
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I should say that he's a stone cutter by trade and his passion for detailed painstaking stone cutting is visible in every single detail of these capitols and flowers and in particular, the cherubs.발음듣기
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These are from the words in Judaism, Cherubim and Seraphim, those are the plural words, bodiless creatures who are closest to God.발음듣기
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He makes an endless variation on that theme with very broad wings spreading out and the wings become like curly brackets that enclose another piece of architecture and sculpture.발음듣기
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Yes. When you were saying that carving is critical, it actually made me think of some of the ornate rosary beads that come out of the Medieval period.발음듣기
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