Parthenon frieze

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Parthenon frieze발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 1] We're in the British Museum, and we're looking at the frieze that went around the Parthenon.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 2] Not exactly on the exterior of the Parthenon.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 1] Inside the porch, basically.발음듣기

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They're carved quite shallow.발음듣기

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And although they would have been painted more brightly, I still think it would have been a little tough to see.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 2] Essentially, what we have is the procession of the citizens of Athens on the birthday of Athena, patron goddess of Athens.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 1] And it would wind its way through the city, until it actually reached her temple.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 2] Right, the Parthenon.발음듣기

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And inside the Parthenon was a giant sculpture by Phidious of the goddess Athena.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 1] What we have here, then, is actually not a representation of some mythology, but actually a representation of something that the Athenians would have lived themselves.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 2] Yes, and they're putting themselves in the realm of the gods, because they take part in the procession, looking very ideal, and very noble, and the procession ends with a sacrifice to the gods, in the presence of the gods and goddesses.발음듣기

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And so, in a way, the human realm and the divine realm - [SPEAKER 1] That definition dissolves.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 2] Right.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 1] Let's take a close look at the procession, because first of all, it's extremely long.발음듣기

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It was on two sides of the building.발음듣기

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The procession actually starts off kind of slowly here.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 2] Right, and it gathers momentum and energy.발음듣기

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And we're talking about dozens of horses, dozens of riders, each one depicted slightly differently.발음듣기

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Horses overlapping horses, overlapping riders.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 1] There's an incredible sense of rhythm, and actually movement.발음듣기

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All of this is frozen.발음듣기

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It's stone, right?발음듣기

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Nothing's moving.발음듣기

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But there's such a complexity of the hooves of the horses, of the legs of the horses, of the legs of the riders.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 2] The anatomy of the horses.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 1] Oh, it's incredible.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 2] Their muscles, their veins.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 1] And each one, as you said, is in a slightly different position, but all creating this momentum.발음듣기

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And to my ear, I almost hear the footfalls of those horses.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 2] The male figures have these wide shoulders, and narrow hips, and beautiful torsos, incredible muscles in their arms, but these very beautiful faces that are very calm.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 1] We see those humans, these Athenians, actually controlling the power and the wildness of nature represented through the horses.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 2] And there's something really wonderful about an animal that's acting very wild and passionate, and a human rider, just sitting holding it.발음듣기

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So nobly, maybe turning and looking back behind him, not even worried about that animal that's about to rear up.발음듣기

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But in such control that he can even turn his back on it.발음듣기

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There's something about that speaks to a kind of nobility and heroism.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 1] So if in fact, the frieze depicts the Panathenaic procession - and that's generally accepted, although there's some art historians that have suggested alternate possibilities - then most likely what we're seeing is the folding of the peplos here, which was actually woven by the Athenians.발음듣기

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It was a great honor.발음듣기

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And of course, it was ultimately paraded through the city to drape the statue of the goddess Athena herself, in the temple, the Parthenon.발음듣기

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This group of relief sculptures would have been directly over the main entrance to the Parthenon.발음듣기

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The Parthenon itself could actually be surmounted from any direction.발음듣기

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But in order to walk into the main chamber, you would have walked directly under this.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 2] And you would have looked up at the gods.발음듣기

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These are in less good condition.발음듣기

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And there's a kind of stillness here, and more of an isolation to the figures, than these rough and tumble of the horses, and the riders, and the procession that I love so much.발음듣기

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But what's really remarkable in these figures is the treatment of the drapery.발음듣기

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It's almost like there was a sculptor who, under Phidious's direction, just loved playing with the patterns of the drapery.발음듣기

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They swirl, and move, and gather.발음듣기

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We were looking at three figures here, who sit facing each other, but one turns away.발음듣기

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And there's one figure here who just - [SPEAKER 1] Ares, the God of war.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 2] Is that who it is?발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 1] Yeah.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 2] It's so human and so divine at the same time.발음듣기

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And even though we can't see his face, there's a total confidence and idealism to his body.발음듣기

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And the way he holds his body, and the way he moves.발음듣기

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And he lifts up his knee, and leans back, and looks on, and has a sense of total tranquility.발음듣기

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And yet his gesture is so human.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 1] There's a kind of complete comfort within his own body that the sculptor is able to express just exquisitely.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 2] But it's remarkable for its variety, for its complexity, for its unity.발음듣기

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[SPEAKER 1] For its understanding of the variety of human experience, of motion, of the relationship between animal and man, and man and God, and very much in that way is a mirror of the way that the Greeks saw themselves in the world.발음듣기

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