Andrea Pisano's reliefs on the Campanile in Florence발음듣기
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Andrea Pisano's reliefs on the Campanile in Florence
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[Voiceover] Here we have a view of Florence where we can see the bell tower, the Campanile in the center, and then on the left just a little corner of the Baptistry, and on the back end the Cathedral of Florence with Brunelleschi's dome at the top.발음듣기
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The Cathedral, the Duomo, they began building almost around 1300 and the bell tower starts going up a little bit after that and then the dome is built from the early 1400s and finished in the 1470s.발음듣기
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Around 1340, even though the tower wasn't complete yet, they decided, the town and the guilds of Florence, specifically the wool guild that was in charge of decorating the cathedral, decided that they wanted to decorate the bottom of the tower because even though it wasn't complete, it was embarrassing having just this bare undecorated surface where everyone's walking around, as you can see, all the time.발음듣기
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And so the two very bottom layers are decorated with many reliefs and these are in stone marble rather than the bronze that's on the Baptistry.발음듣기
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We should also say that the Zodiac signs are not unusual because the medieval Christians were very able or very comfortably blended their belief in Christianity and their Christian devotion with interest in the horoscope.발음듣기
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The artist is Andrea Pisano, who around the same time is working on the bronze reliefs just across the street on the south doors of the Baptistry.발음듣기
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Those scenes were about John the Baptist and here's one of the Biblical scenes on the bell tower.발음듣기
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It's very, very simplified with mostly a blank background, just a few things to give you a sense of the setting, here a few stylized trees, and we have God leaning over and creating Adam.발음듣기
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[Voiceover] Right and this is another good example of how Andrea Pisano combines a kind of gothic stylization with a naturalistic classicism.발음듣기
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[Voiceover] Well, the figure of God the Father, in some ways the way the robes are rendered without a great sense of the body underneath, the kind of rhythmic folds, all of this is pretty traditional.발음듣기
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[Voiceover] Right so we have sense of the body, but there's not an entire sense of a real physical anatomically correct body underneath it.발음듣기
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[Voiceover] Mm hmm and instead, the figure of Adam is a nude athletic male even though it's damaged here, it's classicizing and it's naturalistic.발음듣기
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Contrapposto is usually something for standing up, but the fact that he's done that anyway shows how interested he was in giving it a classic appearance.발음듣기
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[Voiceover] Well, it's interesting that you say that because the industry that's represented here is sculpture and this is an interesting way for an artist, Andrea Pisano, to suggest that the work of the sculptor, the work of the artist, is in some ways like the work of God. Both are creators.발음듣기
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In fact, we also see again the creator here, the artist, leaning over a bearded man, in rather stylized robes, leaning over a nude, more naturalistic, more classicizing figure.발음듣기
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There's a sense of modesty here because look again and compare this to the way God creates Adam.발음듣기
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God is in nature, He uses a gesture of his hand, and Adam is clearly supposed to be a real living person.발음듣기
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[Voiceover] That's right. And also what he's creating is not going to be mistaken for a real person.발음듣기
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[Voiceover] But still it seems to be almost a sign of the desire to elevate the status of the artist.발음듣기
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[Voiceover] It absolutely is a sign of that and it's also definitely a sign of the pride that the Florentines take in their arts.발음듣기
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I mean, this is a very important location, the bell tower of the Cathedral, and they're displaying in a way what makes them proud and prosperous as Florentines.발음듣기
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[Voiceover] And so this could be described as part of that civic pride that I always think is so important in terms of commissioning so much art in the Renaissance.발음듣기
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This is weaving, which is one of the main reasons why Florence is so very prosperous around 1340 when these reliefs are being made.발음듣기
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You could talk about it in terms of the style being typical for Andrea Pisano, the boiling down to the essential ingredients, but really what stands out is the way it celebrates industry, manual labor and the things that make this city where it is.발음듣기
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[Voiceover] It's amazing. And so the guilds were really powerful in enriching the city and decorating the city with beautiful sculptures and reliefs and at the same time wanting to see their own image in a way.발음듣기
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