Mantegna, Saint Sebastian

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Mantegna, Saint Sebastian발음듣기

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("I Don't Want to Leave You" by Royalty Free Music Crew) [Voiceover] The nude had been off limits for 1000 years.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] In the middle ages, the only opportunity the artists had to paint or sculpt the nude, was to do Adam and Eve.발음듣기

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But with the renaissance, we have this renewed interest in the human body, and artists looking for opportunities to paint it.발음듣기

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What we're looking at is Andrea Mantegna's very small painting of Saint Sebastian.발음듣기

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It's in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.발음듣기

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And it's this tall, thin, painting, that is completely improbable, and in some ways it is just an elaborate ruse to be able to paint the human body.발음듣기

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But of course Mantegna was also deeply in love with all things classical.발음듣기

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And both of those things are really in evidence here.발음듣기

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Look at all the fragments of sculpture and architecture that come from his study of Ancient Rome.발음듣기

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And of course the figure of Saint Sebastian himself looks like an Ancient Greek or Roman sculpture.발음듣기

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According to legend, Saint Sebastian was in the employ of the ancient Roman Emperor Diocletian, who didn't know that Sebastian was a Christian.발음듣기

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Apparently Sebastian came to the aid of two other Christians who had been found out.발음듣기

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And, therefore his own Christianity was revealed.발음듣기

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And he was ordered to be executed when he refused to renounce his Christianity.발음듣기

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And so, he was shot with arrows, but he survived that attack.발음듣기

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Right, and was later clubbed to death.발음듣기

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It's easy for us in the 21st Century to forget how little was known about the human body.발음듣기

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What knowledge had once existed from Ancient Greece and Rome, had largely been lost.발음듣기

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Here was a generation that was rediscovering the body for the first time in 1000 years.발음듣기

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You couldn't go and buy a book on anatomy.발음듣기

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You couldn't look something up on the web.발음듣기

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This was a time when rediscovering the body meant an investigation of the body from scratch.발음듣기

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With very little knowledge left from antiquity.발음듣기

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And the understanding of the body in the ancient world like Contrapposto, is just being rediscovered in this century.발음듣기

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And look at the way in which the S curve of the body is accentuated here.발음듣기

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You can really see an artist who is studying ancient sculpture.발음듣기

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In fact, one could probably argue that the arrows themselves almost function as diagramming lines, that help us see the shifting axis of the body.발음듣기

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But there are also funny anachronisms here.발음듣기

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Things are disjointed in terms of time.발음듣기

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Since Sebastian is being martyred by an Ancient Roman Emperor, at a time when Ancient Rome is at the height of its power.발음듣기

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And yet, what the artist is showing us here is Ancient Roman Architecture in ruins.발음듣기

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The way it looked in Mantegna's own time.발음듣기

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And he's clearly relishing the beauty of those ruins as ruins.발음듣기

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It's as if the faith of Christianity has outlived the mighty Roman Empire.발음듣기

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Right, which lays in ruins around the feet of the Saint.발음듣기

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Here's an artist who is in part responsible for creating the art that we know of, as the Early Renaissance.발음듣기

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And characteristic of that moment, we see someone who is giving us as much visual information as possible.발음듣기

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Look at the precision even in the buildings of extreme distance.발음듣기

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That beautiful atmospheric perspective.발음듣기

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That careful delineation of form, of mass.발음듣기

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Right, modelling so we've got a sense of the three-dimensionality of the body, of the light coming from the left.발음듣기

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We can see Mantegna's use of linear perspective in the tiles on the floor.발음듣기

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In a way this has everything we expect of the Renaissance.발음듣기

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This is bringing together those fragments from antiquity that were just being rediscovered.발음듣기

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This is trying to place these figures in a world that we can occupy.발음듣기

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And a vast landscape.발음듣기

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Perhaps we see the archers retreating on a road in the background, and a whole city that looks very much like an Ancient Roman city.발음듣기

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Here's an artist that is central to the Northern Italian tradition.발음듣기

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Somebody who is working in Venice, working in Padua, understands what's taking place in Florence, and is just such an exemplar of this reinvention, of ancient humanism. ("I Don't Want to Leave You" by Royalty Free Music Crew)발음듣기

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