Mantegna, Dead Christ

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Mantegna, Dead Christ발음듣기

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(piano playing) [Steven] We're in the Brera in Milan and we're looking at one of Andrea Mantegna's most extraordinary and most famous paintings.발음듣기

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This is The Dead Christ.발음듣기

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[Beth] Mantegna's son called it The Foreshortened Christ and this way of representing Christ so foreshortened is really unusual in art history.발음듣기

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[Steven] Well certainly I've never seen anything like this.발음듣기

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Now Mantegna was fascinated throughout much of his career with extreme perspectives.발음듣기

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You might think about St. James being led to his execution where you have a view upward.발음듣기

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[Beth] Foreshortening is often used by Renaissance artists to create an illusion of space, an illusion of depth.발음듣기

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But here Mantegna is using it to draw us in, to make us feel as though we're at Christ's side at this moment after he's been taking down off the cross.발음듣기

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He's been placed on this stone, his body is ready to be anointed and shrouded and placed in the tomb.발음듣기

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[Steven] One of the comments that people often make when they look at this and they think about that kind of very careful perspectival structures that are being developed in the 15th century, is that this is in fact distorted.발음듣기

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That is, the feet are much too small and in fact there is kind of an odd distortion as you move up the body where the body seems to grow in size.발음듣기

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But what's fascinating is when you stand in front of the painting, at least for me, the feet are seen almost through our peripheral vision and our eyes are drawn right up to the face.발음듣기

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[Beth] No question, we're drawn to that look of suffering.발음듣기

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We don't have an image of Christ that transcends human suffering.발음듣기

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There's real pain etched on his forehead, the way that his eyebrows have been pressed together.발음듣기

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There's a sense of his humanity here.발음듣기

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[Steven] There is this incredible sense of physicality we are so far away from the medieval conception of the dead Christ, that is transcendent and completely divorced from any kind of pain.발음듣기

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Here, just look at the wounds in the hand or in the feet, there's almost clinical accuracy.발음듣기

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Look at the way in which the skin has dried and it feels like it might even be sharp.발음듣기

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[Beth] Look at how Mantegna's lifted up the hands as though he wants to show us Christ's wounds.발음듣기

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The hands are propped up in the same way the head is propped up by the pillow.발음듣기

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[Steven] Well those are almost the only verticals.발음듣기

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Now we've been focusing on Christ and the body of Christ for good reason but Christ is not the only figure here.발음듣기

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We seem to be in the tomb itself, it's dark, but we can make out that there are three other figures closest to us.발음듣기

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We can just barely make out the profile of St. John the Evangelist.발음듣기

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Next to him is an unusual rendering of the Virgin Mary, who's quite old here and clearly suffering, seeing her son die.발음듣기

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But just beyond Mary you can just make out Mary Magdalene and the reason that we know it's her is because on the stone you can see a jar of the ointment that Mary Magdalene used to anoint Christ's feet.발음듣기

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[Beth] We often see that jar as an attribute of Mary Magdalene.발음듣기

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So we know that this painting still belonged to Mantegna at the time of his death.발음듣기

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In other words, it was never delivered to a patron.발음듣기

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And so this has led art historians to speculate that perhaps it was rejected by the patron because of its extreme focus on the dead body of Christ in this literal way and its intense foreshortening.발음듣기

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It's also possible that Mantegna painted this for his personal use.발음듣기

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We're just not sure.발음듣기

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[Steven] We're also not sure if perhaps the intended patron, if there was one, was somebody who was focusing on the wounds of Christ.발음듣기

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[Beth] Right, someone whose devotional practice was focused on the wounds of Christ, someone who perhaps especially venerated what's known as the Stone of Unction, the stone that his body was laid on for anointing.발음듣기

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[Steven] So these are all questions.발음듣기

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What we do know is that this is a painting that in so many ways exemplifies the changes that are taking place in Italian art in the 15th century where you have this increasing focus on the physicality of Christ.발음듣기

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[Beth] We begin to see in the later part of the 1400's images of Christ, of the saints, depicted very close to us.발음듣기

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It's likely that this is related to ideas of the image as a kind of prompt, to mediate on Christ's suffering.발음듣기

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To imagine what it was like to be at the crucifixion, to put ourselves there at the tomb at this moment. (piano playing)발음듣기

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