Deflationary spiral

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Deflationary spiral발음듣기

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So in a normal economy we know that employment will drive overall demand.발음듣기

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If we have high employment or low unemployment, then people are going to have more jobs, and they're going to have higher wages, and that will have higher demand.발음듣기

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Or if the other way goes around, if they lose their jobs, demand is going to go down, wages will start to go down, and people aren't going to have money in their pockets.발음듣기

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So employment drives demand.발음듣기

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And we can view the demand - and I'm making a huge simplification here - demand will drive production.발음듣기

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Or maybe we could think of it as supply.발음듣기

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It'll drive supply, and it can also be a driver of price.발음듣기

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And of course, there is a little bit of a negative feedback loop for both of these things.발음듣기

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If the demand is high and the price goes high, that might produce a little bit of negative feedback on the demand.발음듣기

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Instead of an arrow, this line here means negative feedback.발음듣기

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I'll put a little negative sign here.발음듣기

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And let's say the demand is high and then the supply goes high.발음듣기

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Well actually, the supply going high would drive the price going down.발음듣기

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So maybe I should draw a negative feedback like here.발음듣기

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High supply would mean lower price.발음듣기

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But that's not what I want to focus on in that video.발음듣기

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And we could keep adding more lines here.발음듣기

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But this is roughly simple take on it.발음듣기

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But the general idea is supply and price will then drive corporate profits, or just profits in general, even for an individual business owner.발음듣기

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And then profits are going to drive employment.발음듣기

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Now, let's imagine a scenario.발음듣기

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We are in a bad economy, maybe a depression-like economy.발음듣기

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So in that situation, you could start really at any point in this circle.발음듣기

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I'll just start at employment.발음듣기

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So let's say employment is really low.발음듣기

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That's going to make demand really low.발음듣기

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And if demand is really low, then supply is going to go down, and price is going to go down.발음듣기

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And then that's going to make profits go down.발음듣기

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And that's going to make employment even lower.발음듣기

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And so what we find ourselves in this kind of recessionary or depression area environment, this would be called a deflationary spiral.발음듣기

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And it's a spiral because a bad economy is driving lower prices, which is in turn driving a bad economy.발음듣기

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And to make matters worse, if this continues long enough, or if these price declines are severe enough, you could imagine people saying, look, I have this dollar in my pocket.발음듣기

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I'm not going to spend this dollar because, one, I might lose my job at any moment, and I know that that dollar is becoming more powerful, that I can buy more every minute that I wait.발음듣기

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So as the price goes down, so as all of this scary stuff happens - so the employment is going down, profits are going down, prices going down - this makes people not hoard goods the way that they would do in an inflationary spiral.발음듣기

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But it makes them hoard money.발음듣기

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And why it's ultra scary for central bankers or for governments is they start to not have as much control over the economy.발음듣기

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They can't just run the printing press and try to stimulate the economy in this situation, because if they did people are so conservative right now - You could imagine maybe a depression is going on for years and years and years.발음듣기

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And let's say that they take some type of a helicopter - And this isn't how you actually distribute money to the money supply, but it's just to show an extreme example.발음듣기

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So they take a helicopter, and they start dumping cash on people.발음듣기

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They print cash, and they start dumping it on people.발음듣기

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So every man, woman, and child in the country gets a $10 bill.발음듣기

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Well, if people are really scared and really afraid, they're just going to take that $10 bill and stuff it into their mattress, and it's not going to change anything.발음듣기

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That dollar isn't going to actually enter into the money supply.발음듣기

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The velocity on it will be 0.발음듣기

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