Christopher Columbus

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Christopher Columbus발음듣기

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[Narrator] In the last video we discussed how the Portuguese began to really expand their exploration around Africa with the invention of the caravel a fast new ship that could sail into the wind and how Spain, newly united with Ferdinand and Isabella c.발음듣기

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And it was into that moment that they received an interesting proposal from this man here Christopher Columbus.발음듣기

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So who was Christopher Columbus?발음듣기

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Well, he was a navigator.발음듣기

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He was born around 1451 we think in Genoa which is today in Italy.발음듣기

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And he had sailed quite a bit in his life.발음듣기

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He was also a voracious reader thanks to the invention of the printing press back in 1450.발음듣기

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And one book that he read with great interest was the account of Marco Polo and his travels in China.발음듣기

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And Columbus dreamt of getting to China and there accessing riches, silk and spices and maybe even converting people living in Asia to Christianity,.발음듣기

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And teaming up with them in a new crusade to expel Muslims from the Middle East.발음듣기

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Now there are two common myths about Columbus that I'd like to dispel.발음듣기

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One of these is that Columbus was the first European to discover the Americas.발음듣기

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In fact we know that around 1000 CE the Vikings of Norway had colonized Greenland and had explored around what is today Canada.발음듣기

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So you might be asking, "Okay, well if the Vikings" discovered America, why aren't we talking about "the Vikings in this video~?"발음듣기

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And the short answer is the Viking settlement in the Americas did not last very long less than a generation.발음듣기

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And it also didn't really get well known outside of Norway so it didn't have the worldwide impact on colonization that Columbus's voyage would have.발음듣기

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The other myth about Columbus is that he was the lone visionary who knew that the world was round.발음듣기

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Everybody else thought that the world was flat and Columbus proved them wrong.발음듣기

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In fact most learned people had known that the world was round since the time of the ancient Greeks.발음듣기

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What they thought instead was that the world was simply too big.발음듣기

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They estimated that it was about 25,000 miles in circumference, which is pretty close to the truth.발음듣기

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And that even if you could sail out here into the ocean you would run out of supplies.발음듣기

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And die long before you ever hit land cause they had no idea that the Americas were over here.발음듣기

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Columbus however had done some different calculations and he thought that the circumference of the world was only about 16 to 18,000 miles.발음듣기

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So that the coast of Japan was about 3,000 miles to the west of Europe.발음듣기

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Now he was wrong, but he got very lucky because about 3,000 miles to the west of Europe he encountered landfall.발음듣기

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He just didn't know that what he found there wasn't China.발음듣기

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So Columbus has this dream and he kind of shops it around the courts of Europe looking for royal patronage.발음듣기

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And first he tries the Portuguese because they are the reigning leaders of navigation.발음듣기

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And they turn him down saying his idea is too risky.발음듣기

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He also tries France and England with similar results.발음듣기

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Finally he tries Spain.발음듣기

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And Ferdinand and Isabella agree that they will stake him.발음듣기

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They give him three ships and a crew of 87 men.발음듣기

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And in August of 1492 he takes off makes a brief stop in the Canary Islands and then turns west into open waters.발음듣기

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And in October of 1492 he made landfall and this is what he found.발음듣기

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So he landed on the small island that he named San Salvador which is today in the Bahamas.발음듣기

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And then he continued to explore around the coast of Cuba that he called Juana.발음듣기

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And then he ended up in the island that he called Hispaniola which is today the island of Haiti and the Dominican Republic.발음듣기

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And we'll talk more about who he met in the new world in the next video.발음듣기

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