Diadochi and the Hellenistic Period

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Diadochi and the Hellenistic Period발음듣기

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[Instructor] Where we left off in the last video, Alexander dies in 323 BCE, at the young age of 32.발음듣기

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And even though he conquered all of this territory it was a very short-lived empire.발음듣기

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And what happens next is a period known as the Wars of the Diadochi, and let me write down this word, Diadochi.발음듣기

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Diadochi translates into successors and these are the various leaders and mainly generals, of Alexander who then fought for control of the empire.발음듣기

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It's a very bloody period, a lot of different.발음듣기

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Diadochi going after each other or after each other's families and what eventually happens over the next few decades is Alexander's empire, the empire that he establishes, gets split up into a few major empires.발음듣기

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What you see on this map here, you see most of Persia, and the Anatolian Peninsula right over here really the bulk of the old Achaemenid Persian Empire.발음듣기

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It gets under control of Seleucus and he establishes the Seleucid dynasty the Seleucid Empire.발음듣기

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Let me write this down right here.발음듣기

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This is Seleucid, so the Seleucid Empire.발음듣기

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Egypt right over here, this gets taken control of another general of Alexander, Ptolemy and he establishes the Ptolemaic Empire and the Ptolemaic dynasty.발음듣기

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Ptolemaic. And then Macedon ends up under control once again of another Diadochi remember the Diadochi are the successors all of these characters right over here.발음듣기

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These are three of the various Diadochi three of the more successful Diadochi right over here.발음듣기

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But what the Macedonian components of Alexander's Empire, for the most part end up under the control of Antigonus's dynasty which ends up being called the Antigonid dynasty.발음듣기

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Antigonid.발음듣기

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And this, and as you can see, it's not all of the empire Alexander established.발음듣기

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What we have in red here, these are independent states that did not get subsumed into the Seleucid, the Ptolemaic, or the Antigonid Empires.발음듣기

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You can imagine, over the next several hundred years they're going back and forth, there's an ebb and flow of control of these various empires but these are the three most significant especially the Ptolemaic and the Seleucid.발음듣기

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What this establishes is what a lot of historians refer to as a new period of especially this part of the world.발음듣기

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When we go from shortly before the Persian invasions of Greece all the way to Alexander the Great we refer to that as Classical Greece.발음듣기

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But now we're going from Classical Greece with the death of Alexander in the beginning of the Wars of the Diadochi for control this sets up a new period, often referred to by historians as Hellenistic Period.발음듣기

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And the Hellenistic Period is referring to the fact that all of this territory that was conquered by Alexander the Great and later gets split after the Wars of the Diadochi between these Diadochi establishing these various empires they had huge influence of Greek culture.발음듣기

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You had ruling dynasties that were essentially Greek whether you're in Ptolemaic Egypt.발음듣기

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Seleucid Persia, or Antigonid Macedonia.발음듣기

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Obviously the Macedonians were already a very strong Greek culture.발음듣기

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And it's a time where you have the spread of the culture, you have a bit of fulfillment of Alexander the Great's goal of creating this very this mashup, so to speak, of the various cultures of the region, the Greco, and the Persian and the Egyptian cultures.발음듣기

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Now the Hellenistic Period starts to end as each of these various empires get overthrown.발음듣기

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The Seleucid Empire, in the third century BCE, it gets more and more overtaken by the Parthian Empire.발음듣기

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Parthia starts as a satrap, a region of the Seleucid Empire, but it eventually takes control over much of Persia.발음듣기

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So this is the Parthian, sorry the Parthian Empire, right over here.발음듣기

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And the last vestiges of the Seleucid Empire are eventually defeated by the Roman legions and you'll see this is a common trend here.발음듣기

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Because, at the time of Alexander on the Italian peninsula, you start having a city-state that's becoming more and more powerful and more and more of an empire.발음듣기

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And as we will see, it starts to subsume a lot of the regions we talked about.발음듣기

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Ptolemaic Egypt, it gets overthrown by the Roman Empire in 30 BCE, and the Antigonid dynasty gets overthrown by the Roman Empire, they're actually the first to get overthrown by the Roman Empire, in 168 BC.발음듣기

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So this period, this Hellenistic Period the takeaway, it's a period, I'm talking about hundreds of years in a matter of five or six minutes but this is a period where you had significant.발음듣기

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Greek influence over a very large period or a very large area of land, and it eventually ends with a lot of the western portions falling under Roman control, and the eastern portions especially Persia, falling under Parthian control.발음듣기

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