Emperors of Pax Romana발음듣기
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Emperors of Pax Romana
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[Instructor] As we saw in the last several videos the Roman Republic that was established in 509 BCE it finally met its end with the rule of Julius Caesar.발음듣기
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We talk about Julius Caesar crossing the Rubicon becoming dictator for life, and then he's assassinated because of the power he was able to accumulate in 44 BCE, on March 15th, the Ides of March.발음듣기
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Eventually it becomes a battle between Augustus or at the time, Octavian, versus Mark Antony and Cleopatra.발음듣기
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And, on 27 BCE, he is declared, or this is the date that historians often use as the beginning of him officially being emperor.발음듣기
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This period from 27 BCE, with Augustus being emperor all the way to 180 CE, so this roughly 200-year period this is a relatively good time for the Roman Empire.발음듣기
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As we will see, there is still a lot of conflict there is still a lot of bloodshed but it is a relatively stable period.발음듣기
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It's eventually going to meet its demise the Western Empire, at least, in 476 CE so, it's gonna go for roughly 500 years and Augustus lays a strong foundation for it.발음듣기
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Tiberius, here, was both Augustus's step-son and he married Augustus's daughter so he was a step-son, and son-in-law.발음듣기
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From a historical point of view or even a Biblical point of view, it's worth noting that Jesus would have been crucified under Tiberius's rule.발음듣기
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Now, after Tiberius, you have his great-nephews or his great, great-nephew, and you can see they're all not directly related, but they're all kind of family.발음듣기
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Caligula, that's his nickname is a bit of an infamous figure, one of the infamous figures in history amongst the Roman Emperors cause he's really viewed as a sadist, as a pervert.발음듣기
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Many of the Roman citizens believed that Nero did it intentionally to clear out space for a palace.발음듣기
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There's some accounts that he would dip them in oil and set them on fire in his garden just as a source of light.발음듣기
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These people, to say that they were insane, or demented or sick, normally I try to avoid making any judgement on some of these historical figures.발음듣기
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But both Caligula and Nero, if we believe the accounts that we get from that period, and shortly after that period were not, by any stretch of the imagination, good people.발음듣기
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Nero eventually does commit suicide, and, with Nero's end you actually have the end of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.발음듣기
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The reason why it's called the Julio-Claudian dynasty is that all of these characters, let me circle them or underline 'em.발음듣기
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In fact, this whole time there's a lot of relatives being killed people who might threaten the Emperor being killed and that's just talking about the Romans, themselves.발음듣기
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They're constantly fighting the Germanic tribes and groups in the Middle East and taking more, and more, and more territory and these are extremely bloody thing.발음듣기
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The Roman Empire sometimes it looks like this neat, clean idealistic thing, but there was a lot of enslaving of people, destroying of towns.발음듣기
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Killing people out of paranoia, or really just out of the joy of killing if you take the case of Caligula, or Nero.발음듣기
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Then, after that, you have what historians and especially Niccolo Machiavelli so this is many centuries later, called the Good Emperors.발음듣기
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For the slaves of Rome for the people who were thrown into the Colosseum just because they were a prisoner of war, or they committed some simple crime, the Roman Empire didn't seem good.발음듣기
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Trajan in particular, the peak of the Roman Empire comes, in terms of Geography, comes under Trajan's rule.발음듣기
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Then, the Pax Romana ends with Marcus Aurelius who is viewed as a, he's actually wrote meditations.발음듣기
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