Spread of Islamic Culture발음듣기
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Spread of Islamic Culture
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[Imam] And here we see the Byzantine empire which, at the time was still a continuation of Rome so this is like the eastern roman empire.발음듣기
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[Imam] and it's an aging empire and we also have Sassanid Persia which started in the third century and is still continuing into this period.발음듣기
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[Imam] Certainly, and in some ways as well the Byzantines are weakened by how many resources they've exhausted in these tensions.발음듣기
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Muhammad is born in Arabia, and pretty soon during his lifetime and immediately after his lifetime the religion of Islam spreads rapidly through Islamic conquests, which Saul talked about in an earlier video.발음듣기
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[Imam] They took over most of Persia and a large part of the Byzantine empire, as we can see and then even beyond, it goes further east further west, all the way over to Spain.발음듣기
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And this happens really quickly but it's not the case that Islamic culture necessarily takes in all of these areas that quickly.발음듣기
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So it takes a little bit longer for that to really take hold, and it also takes hold in areas far beyond this empire as well.발음듣기
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So certainly the presence of Islamic or Muslim rulers in these areas certainly did affect the culture of these places.발음듣기
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But what's more important is sort of the ways in which Islam slowly integrated with some of these cultures.발음듣기
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And that happened through trade, through missionaries and also through pilgrimage routes that happened emanating out from Mecca.발음듣기
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As they moved through different areas and as they moved through different routes they changed and they started to take the shape of the local culture and the local flavor as well.발음듣기
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[Imam] So here we have the great mosque at Xian and what's really interesting about this mosque is that it really fuses a lot of Islamic and Chinese ideas.발음듣기
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So for example, it still sort of has the structure of an imperial building, and the way that the courtyards are set up.발음듣기
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[Imam] But instead of following sort of the rules of Feng Shui, it is oriented towards Mecca which is the direction in which Muslims look when they pray.발음듣기
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[Imam] And this makes sense because these trade routes basically had to go through the Islamic empire.발음듣기
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[David] Okay. So Djenne is in what is today, Mali just south of Timbuktu or Timbuktu as it's called today.발음듣기
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And in Djenne is the site of the world's largest mud brick building, the grand mosque of Djenne.발음듣기
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What's really cool to me about the grand mosque of Djenne is the way that is incorporates Malian traditions into Islamic tradition.발음듣기
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So you can see on top of these spires some of these spires are minarets, from which issue the call to prayer.발음듣기
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And so even within the constraints of building a religious building, there's still expressions of local culture.발음듣기
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[Imam] Yeah, and it's really interesting how that spread through trade, but it also spread another way which is through pilgrimage.발음듣기
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Through missionaries through preachers, and that also took on the local traditions in interesting ways.발음듣기
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[Imam] This was actually during the life of the prophet and it's quite far from Mecca so it's really fascinating how quickly it traveled there.발음듣기
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But it traveled with a preacher and as you can see, this is a very distinctly Indian mosque.발음듣기
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[Imam] Sufis were like a mystical devotional practice and we see many iterations of Sufism in all different sects of Islam.발음듣기
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People often lived there for a long time so they sort of have this monastic tradition that created a permanent presence for Islam along these routes.발음듣기
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And it's not just in North Africa, but even farther east you see different iterations of that.발음듣기
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So once you get into former Persian territory and in Indian territory you have something called a Hanka.발음듣기
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And similarly this was a place of worship but also a place where people passed through and interacted and learned.발음듣기
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[Imam] And where we see some of these instances of new Islamic traditions were no longer in the heart of the Islamic empire.발음듣기
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