Impact of the crusades발음듣기
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Impact of the crusades
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The first Crusade at very end of the 11th century and actually the most successful of the Crusades allowing the Western European powers to take control of Jerusalem and much of the Holy Land.발음듣기
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And you could see that here on this diagram where Jerusalem, at least, goes from green to red controlled by the Western European, the Latin Christians.발음듣기
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And they're able to maintain control through these Crusader kingdoms all the way until 1187, when Salah ad-Din is able to retake control of Jerusalem.발음듣기
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Then a few decades later, as we go into the Sixth Crusade and the Barons' Crusade, which isn't depicted here the Western Europeans are able to take more control.발음듣기
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But eventually, the Muslims take control of Jerusalem and as we enter into the 14th century they have control of the entire Holy Land.발음듣기
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Now while that is happening, Constantinople gets sacked at the end of the Fourth Crusade by the Crusaders themselves and even though it's retaken, this is really the beginning of the end for the Byzantine Empire.발음듣기
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It's estimated that the death toll from the Crusades is two to six million people just from Western Europe.발음듣기
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And just to put that into perspective the European population at the time was about 60 to 70 million folks.발음듣기
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And this isn't fully accounting for all of the death and destruction that happened on the way to the Crusades or that happened in the Middle East as well.발음듣기
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Right over here you can see that although the Middle East is still in control of the Muslims have for the most part been pushed out of the Iberian Peninsula, and they have a little bit of a foothold right here in Grenada.발음듣기
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And this Reconquista is going to continue all the way until 1492 when what will be the Spanish are able to push out all of the Muslims from the Iberian peninsula and as they do that they also expel the Jews.발음듣기
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You also have territorial gains in the north of Europe that's a little bit harder to see on this map over here.발음듣기
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As I mentioned in previous video part of this Crusader mentality was not just about taking land back for the Byzantines or taking land from the Muslims but also trying to take land or convert what were perceived as pagans in the north German tribes that had not as yet converted to Christianity.발음듣기
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Remember, the Crusades were started by a Pope working people up, saying, "Hey, let's go help the Byzantines.발음듣기
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Pope Urban II. And over the course of this 200 years you have this religious fervor where the Pope is organizing these Crusades.발음듣기
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Many people are, before going on their Crusade they're bequeathing their land to the Church.발음듣기
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If they die, and many of these lords do end up dying they're giving their property to the Church headed by the Pope.발음듣기
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In other videos, we talk about the feudal system and many times the vassals to the kings the dukes, the counts, the barons often had more control over their territory than the kings might have had.발음듣기
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And they were constantly squabbling with each other but as people started to focus their energies on this external adventure known as the Crusades first of all, many of these lords died their property went back to the state went back to the kings.발음듣기
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Hey, why don't I point people externally so they stop worrying about what's going on internally?발음듣기
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But in order to finance the Crusades centers of trade and commerce became more important and also, as there was more interaction between West and East and more people traveling you can imagine that it fostered trade which centered at these cities.발음듣기
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The Venetians and other trader city-states they helped facilitate the movement of arms and people from West to East, but on the way back they also brought goods to trade.발음듣기
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In fact, by the end of the Crusades as we get into the 14th century Venice, which is right over here on our map was considered the richest and most powerful city in Europe.발음듣기
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As you might remember from previous videos when Constantinople was sacked it was sacked in part by these Venetian traders and after that, they built an empire.발음듣기
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And so it's not a coincidence that as we get into the 14th and 15th century places like Venice and Florence, famously sponsored by the Medici family, a famous banking family.발음듣기
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So once again, these are centers of trade centers of commerce became the places where the Renaissance would first flourish.발음듣기
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And last but not least, as in some ways bloody and dark a time as the Crusades were they were also associated with learning.발음듣기
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Because you had all of these people go from Western Europe to the Middle East and the Holy Land and at that time, remember, we have videos on the Golden Age of Islam.발음듣기
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In a lot of ways, they were shepherding the knowledge of the Ancient Greeks and the Romans and they were merging that with knowledge from the Indians and the Chinese and also coming up with innovations on their own.발음듣기
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