Prosperity in Song China (960-1279)발음듣기
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Prosperity in Song China (960-1279)
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[Narrator] In other videos when we talked about the various Chinese empires we talk about the Song dynasty in particular as a time of significant technological innovation.발음듣기
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And here are just some of the examples that we talk about most notably gunpowder, movable block print you have block printing emerge during the Tang dynasty.발음듣기
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But during the Song dynasty, it gets perfected and it becomes more efficient with movable block print.발음듣기
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You have the compass being perfected especially for naval use, the boats being perfected you see this reinvigoration, really the high point of the Chinese civil service you see the emergence of Neo-Confucianism.발음듣기
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When you look at it on the timeline like this that's covering over 2,000 years it might not look that long but when you actually think about it this is over 300 years of dynastic rule by one dynasty.발음듣기
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Now it is split in the middle between the Northern Song and the Southern Song, that happens in 1127, we'll talk about that in a little bit.발음듣기
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The population actually grows from roughly 50 million people during the Tang dynasty to, it is estimated, 100 million people by the Northern Song dynasty.발음듣기
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And eventually keeps growing so that by the time we get to the Ming dynasty we have a population of about 200 million people.발음듣기
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Well one thing you can imagine is food is very important and it's during this time period that the Song dynasty is able to leverage a more robust rice seed from Southeast Asia that allows it to feed many, many more people.발음듣기
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And so this obviously allows a population growth but any time you're able to feed people and there's more prosperity you're going to have a more stable empire.발음듣기
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Now another major input into prosperity and the stability of empires is the notion of trade.발음듣기
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But as you get into the Sui dynasty, right over here you have the completion of the Grand Canal which is even today the largest man-made canal.발음듣기
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It stretches from Beijing to Hangzhou and actually goes beyond that and has other tributaries.발음듣기
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And that connected with the existing river systems allowed for a lot of trade to happen especially as we get into the Tang and Song dynasties.발음듣기
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Now the Song dynasty in particular you have the pound lock being invented which allows for easier travel across waterways when you have a change in the level of water.발음듣기
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Our ability to have transactions in our society are not dependent on our ability to mine for gold or silver or copper.발음듣기
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And one of the things that allowed for paper money to even be used was this notion of block printing and block printing with movable type in particular.발음듣기
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Now as I mentioned, as we get into 1127, you have conquerors from the north, in particular the Jin who are able to conquer Northern China.발음듣기
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They caused the Song to move their capital from Kaifeng in the north to Hangzhou in the south.발음듣기
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And even though the Northern Song had to move and essentially become the Southern Song dynasty you continue to have that prosperity for roughly another 150 years.발음듣기
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