An introduction to New Spain발음듣기
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An introduction to New Spain
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[Male Narrator] We're in the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption the main cathedral in Mexico City which stands on the ruins of the old Aztec capital but was transformed into a new capital the capital of New Spain.발음듣기
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A viceroyalty is basically a political entity under the Spanish crown and it was ruled by a viceroy.발음듣기
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[Woman Narrator] So, let's go back in time a little bit and talk about the events of the Spanish Conquest that led to the establishment of this viceroyalty of New Spain.발음듣기
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[Male Narrator] We can begin with Columbus bumping into the Americas as he's trying to get to what he would have called the Indies, that is to Asia.발음듣기
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And so, illegally, left Cuba arrived on the coast of Veracruz the Gulf Coast of Mexico, and made his way inland and as he did that, he encountered numerous people who were angry at the Mashika.발음듣기
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[Male Narrator] So, Cortes, was really off on an adventure to enrich himself and what he found was one of the largest, most impressive cities in the world.발음듣기
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But in the end, in 1521, the Aztecs were defeated by the Spaniards and we have the beginning of what we call, New Spain.발음듣기
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[Male Narrator] It was important for the Spanish that they convert the Aztecs, and other peoples here to Christianity, to Catholicism.발음듣기
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They, of course, imposed political order and took control of the vast natural resources of the American continents.발음듣기
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[Woman Narrator] One of the clearest ways that they had tried to signal this change in political and religious order was building on top of former pagan temples, or sites.발음듣기
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So, the earliest cathedral was actually constructed using stones from the sacred precinct of the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan, and you see this across New Spain.발음듣기
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The earliest Christian buildings are typically made reusing former indigenous temple stones.발음듣기
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So the labor was indigenous, the materials were indigenous but, of course, the religion was imported.발음듣기
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And these weren't any Christians these were Spanish Catholics that had recently and successfully, retaken Spain from the Muslims.발음듣기
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[Woman Narrator] And this reconquest atmosphere is something that came across the Atlantic with the Spanish Conquistadors.발음듣기
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And so, this strategy of building on top of former pagan temples and reusing the stones is a strategy that we see being employed in Spain.발음듣기
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A great example would be the great Mosque of Cordoba which now has a Christian church built and placed inside of it.발음듣기
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[Male Narrator] And just as the Spanish used force to retake Spain from the Muslims the efforts to Christianize, here, in the New World were violent and resulted in tremendous bloodshed.발음듣기
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[Woman Narrator] That, coupled with epidemics the introduction of say, smallpox, here to the populations of the Americas were devastating.발음듣기
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I think, for instance, of the name San Francisco Saint Frances, or as far south as Central America.발음듣기
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[Woman Narrator] If we think of the width of it not only California, but reaching all the way to Texas.발음듣기
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What you typically see, though, is people were referring to the Spanish viceroyalty of New Spain as Colonial Mexico.발음듣기
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[Male Narrator] The Spanish wanted control of this land not only because they wanted to covert these souls but because of the incredible wealth that was here.발음듣기
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They imported silver from the New World but they also imported a whole series of new food stocks including corn and tomatoes and potatoes from South America.발음듣기
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[Male Narrator] And Cochineal, which was an insect that produced a brilliant red that was sought after.발음듣기
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[Woman Narrator] There were trade networks going from New Spain to Asia, particularly through the Philippines And Manila.발음듣기
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[Male Narrator] New Spain was the central point between the Atlantic trade and the Pacific trade.발음듣기
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[Woman Narrator] Eventually, New Spain will become a very cosmopolitan place because you not only have many different European peoples and Amerindian peoples.발음듣기
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And complex culture that has its roots in complex, indigenous cultures that has the overlay of the conquering Spaniards that has imports from East Asia, from Europe and becomes tremendously wealthy.발음듣기
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