Industrialization and imperialism발음듣기
대기중
Industrialization and imperialism
86문장
0% 중국어
번역 0명 참여
출처 : 칸아카데미
번역
0%
Even the small country of Portugal because of its prowess during the Age of Exploration a significant amount of territory in what would become Brazil.발음듣기
대기중
But they also have possessions and colonies along the coast of Africa and even things in India, like Goa.발음듣기
대기중
You have the British, having possessions in North America things that would eventually evolve into the United States and Canada.발음듣기
대기중
At this point in time France also has significant possessions which will later be taken by Britain and then an independent U.S. as it grows across continental North America.발음듣기
대기중
But the thing to notice in this map is despite these significant possessions much of the world is not controlled by the Europeans.발음듣기
대기중
Yes, England also is starting to have a bit of a colonial possession although at this point it's a corporate possession in eastern India, in Bengal.발음듣기
대기중
But then as we enter into the second half of the 18th century, and especially the 19th century something important happens in the scope of human history.발음듣기
대기중
Now, there's many technologies that are central to the Industrial Revolution but probably most important is the steam engine.발음듣기
대기중
Although you could contend maybe it's the steam engine maybe it's electrification, maybe it is the telegraph.발음듣기
대기중
But the steam engine all of a sudden allows us to harness the power of really coal to create steam to turn engines.발음듣기
대기중
And then these engines could be used to power factories so that you could amplify what human labor could do before.발음듣기
대기중
This factory right over here, it looks like they're creating fabric from some kind of thread or they might be sewing of some kind.발음듣기
대기중
And a human equipped with a power loom or with a sewing machine could produce much, much more than they could've ever produced before by hand.발음듣기
대기중
The steam engine and things like electricity also create a revolution in transportation the transportation of goods and people but also the movement of information.발음듣기
대기중
This right over here is a picture of a steamship which you could use for trade but you could also use it to project military power.발음듣기
대기중
Similarly, transport goods and people but it also allows you to keep control over a larger swath of territory.발음듣기
대기중
And then a telegraph, all of a sudden for the first time in history you can communicate across the globe in a mere instant.발음듣기
대기중
So, once again, this is valuable for trade but it's also valuable for coordinating military power.발음듣기
대기중
So in large part to these revolutions that we're seeing and we will study more in other videos the map of the world looks very different roughly 150 years later.발음듣기
대기중
This is what the world looks like around the year 1900 and you immediately notice some differences from that previous map.발음듣기
대기중
Most of those colonial possessions in North and South America are now independent but you notice something dramatic happening in Africa and in much of Asia.발음듣기
대기중
In this salmon color, you see where the British have control in much of South Africa and then around Egypt and Sudan and parts of East Africa.발음듣기
대기중
What started off for the British as a corporate possession in Eastern India has now grown to become a possession of the Crown.발음듣기
대기중
Even Japan, which is one of the first Asian countries to industrialize, is in on imperialism.발음듣기
대기중
There's always the standard motivations for imperialism that we've seen throughout world history.발음듣기
대기중
And if you have more land, which is for the most part used for agriculture, well, you're going to have more taxes and wealth.발음듣기
대기중
And if you have more people, they will have output so you can tax that, but they can also be used they could be taxed, so to speak, for war.발음듣기
대기중
They could produce more soldiers and so the more revenue and soldiers you have well, that could help you just accrue more and more power.발음듣기
대기중
And so this is the classic loop that you see why most empires tried to expand and sometimes when they stopped expanding you see that they started to decline.발음듣기
대기중
But now in this video, from the early 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century we have new things at play.발음듣기
대기중
We have the technological innovation from the Industrial Revolution things like electricity and steam power.발음듣기
대기중
You see the notion of capitalism come into its prime this focus on where do you maximize your returns for a given amount of capital that you have?발음듣기
대기중
And land is a form of capital, but as we will see or as we saw in some of those pictures as technology becomes more and more valuable things other than land become very important forms of capital, like factories, like railroads like ships.발음듣기
대기중
And related to these two ideas, you have industrialization which is the use of technology to become more productive to increase output.발음듣기
대기중
Well, to make my factories more efficient I have to also invest in technology to get that industrialization.발음듣기
대기중
The more I industrialize, the better my profits and so the more I am going to be able to invest in this cycle.발음듣기
대기중
As I'm trying to industrialize, I have all sorts of problems that I'm trying to solve, so it's going to drive the need to improve my technology.발음듣기
대기중
It might take raw cotton or turn it into thread or it might take that cotton thread and then turn it into some type of fabric and then you have finished goods, maybe this is clothing.발음듣기
대기중
So even before the Industrial Revolution people would take raw materials, do something to it and then you would have finished goods.발음듣기
대기중
Well, if you're a small country like the United Kingdom or Japan, your raw materials are limited.발음듣기
대기중
But, there's the rest of the world and especially the rest of the world that is not at the same level of technological sophistication yet.발음듣기
대기중
You have limited markets on your island but what if you could sell to the hundreds of millions of people who aren't directly in your country?발음듣기
대기중
This desire for more raw materials and more and cheaper raw materials and this desire to sell your goods the outputs of industrialization this, to a significant degree, drove this imperialism this colonization, and in general a motivation for freer trade in general.발음듣기
대기중
When the free trade didn't happen freely sometimes it was forced on the country that was being traded with.발음듣기
대기중
And as alluded to already the technology which helped fuel this Industrial Revolution also made it easier to control a far-flung empire.발음듣기
대기중
Before the Industrial Revolution a country like the United Kingdom being able to control this far-flung empire this would've been impossible for the Romans or the Persians to do using their technology.발음듣기
대기중
But now you have the steamship you have railroads, you have the telegraph which are parts of this Industrial Revolution but they also allow you to project power and project power much quicker and much more efficiently than ever possible.발음듣기
대기중
So once again, technology industrialization, and capitalism these were the fuel of the Industrial Revolution.발음듣기
대기중
칸아카데미 더보기더 보기
-
55문장 0%번역 좋아요1
번역하기 -
The conservator’s eye: Anselm Kiefer, Bohemia...
66문장 0%번역 좋아요1
번역하기 -
47문장 0%번역 좋아요1
번역하기 -
28문장 0%번역 좋아요0
번역하기
