The Daguerreotype - Photographic Processes Series - Chapter 2 of 12

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The Daguerreotype - Photographic Processes Series - Chapter 2 of 12발음듣기

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I think it’s impossible for us today to imagine what a revelation the first photographs would have been to people.발음듣기

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These mirrors with a memory to record things that looked just like what we saw.발음듣기

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People’s idea of time changed completely.발음듣기

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For the first time you would know what your grandparents looked like even if they died before you were born.발음듣기

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To see this process make its place in the lives of ordinary people is to me the most exciting thing about it.발음듣기

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It changed everything.발음듣기

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In 1814, 1815 you have a man named Nicephorus Niepce.발음듣기

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What he discovered was asphalt was sensitive to light.발음듣기

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He’d paint the solution on a piece of glass and put an engraving on a piece of paper on top of that and where the light shined through and exposed that asphalt it hardened.발음듣기

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If you put that piece of glass with the asphalt into a solvent it will remove the areas that weren’t hardened.발음듣기

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The earliest photograph we know is on a piece of pewter made by Nicephorus Niepce.발음듣기

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It’s a view from a window.발음듣기

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It’s from the 1820’s and this image made by asphalt still exists.발음듣기

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That’s the invention of photography.발음듣기

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Niepce knows that he’s onto something and he takes Louis Daguerre on as a partner.발음듣기

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Daguerre was well known in Paris in the 1820’s.발음듣기

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Well before the 1839 announcement of the Daguerreotype.발음듣기

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He was a showman.발음듣기

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He ran this 75 foot diorama.발음듣기

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Daguerre himself wants to make images.발음듣기

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He understands how a camera obscure works.발음듣기

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Niepce didn’t have the money, he didn’t have the youth he didn’t have the health.발음듣기

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He really kick started Daguerre.발음듣기

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When Niepce died Daguerre continued his experiments on his own.발음듣기

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By 1839 Daguerre has a system that is fully realized.발음듣기

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It’s perfect.발음듣기

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It’s a piece of copper coated with silver and you have to polish it very well to the point where you have a polish that when you turn the plate towards a darkened room it looks black.발음듣기

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It’s fumed with iodide and when you take it out of the box, it’s yellow.발음듣기

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That’s silver iodide.발음듣기

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The plate is then placed into a camera obscure.발음듣기

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We would say camera now but a camera obscure.발음듣기

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Given enough time, it’s exposed.발음듣기

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When you take it out of the camera in a darkened room There’s nothing to see on the plate.발음듣기

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It’s completely invisible, same yellow coating.발음듣기

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but when you put it in another box with a little container of mercury and heat the mercury, the fumes of mercury dance upon the plate and when you withdraw that from the box you have an image.발음듣기

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You still have to fix the image.발음듣기

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Fixing is a strange term.발음듣기

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It basically means you’re preventing the plate from changing any more as light strikes the plate.발음듣기

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You place it into a solution that fixes it.발음듣기

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Something that we now call hypo.발음듣기

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The daguerreotype is then placed into a special case.발음듣기

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It’s designed to keep air away from the plate because air is what makes silver tarnish.발음듣기

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Daguerre would give the process to the government.발음듣기

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The government then would allow anyone in the world to do the daguerreotype except England.발음듣기

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So if you wanted to make daguerreotypes in England, you had to pay a fee.발음듣기

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This is the Giroux Daguerreotype camera.발음듣기

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The world’s first commercially manufactured and sold camera.발음듣기

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It’s the camera but it’s also the system that goes with it that you need to sensitize and process the image.발음듣기

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It’s essentially an American phenomenon.발음듣기

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It was the Americans that embraced it, that used it.발음듣기

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It was the Americans that were leaving home and striking out further and further West so that people could have something to think about and to reflect on and to remember them by.발음듣기

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We are in the photography vault at George Eastman House.발음듣기

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This is where all of our photo collections are stored and here we have our wall of daguerreotypes.발음듣기

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We have one of the largest collections of daguerreotypes in the world.발음듣기

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Over 3,500 daguerreotypes including 1,500 French daguerreotypes which is the largest collection of French daguerreotypes outside of France.발음듣기

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The daguerreotype is both a negative and a positive image at the same time.발음듣기

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I think to really see a daguerreotype and get the full effect you have to be holding it.발음듣기

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It’s an intimate thing, it’s reflective.발음듣기

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Sometimes you do see yourself and that kind of makes you part of the object.발음듣기

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With daguerreotypes there’s infinite detail.발음듣기

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There’s something just so compelling about a daguerreotype.발음듣기

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They’re not made with a negative so that daguerreotype plate was actually in the room with the person being photographed so there’s something of, I read as that person’s energy on the plate.발음듣기

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It’s a very permanent process, much more so than all the processes that we grew up with.발음듣기

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I can take you to an antiques shop that’s 15 minutes from here and we can find a daguerreotype that was made in the 1850’s.발음듣기

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And guess what?발음듣기

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They’re still in perfect condition.발음듣기

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