Mussolini becomes absolute dictator (Il Duce)발음듣기
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Mussolini becomes absolute dictator (Il Duce)
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Male: In the last video we left off in 1922 in October where you have several hundreds of thousands of fascists march on Rome, which causes the King to put Benito Mussolini in power and this picture right over here is from Mussolini coming to power from the march on Rome and not only does he get appointed as Prime Minister, but he has dictatorial powers for one year.발음듣기
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Those dictatorial powers are also backed up with the Blackshirts,this loose band, kind of a paramillitary group.발음듣기
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So he uses his powers and the fact that he has his own force so to speak to continue to just secure more and more power under him over the next few years.발음듣기
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By 1923 he makes the Blackshirts actually become a formal national militia, essentially the volunteer militia for national security.발음듣기
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He also gets Parliament or gets the legislature to pass what's known as the Acerbo Law or Acerbo Law. I'm sure I'm mispronouncing it.발음듣기
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This is an interesting one because this is a law that allowed whichever majority party, whatever the largest party in the Deputy of Ministers, whatever the largest party in Parliament is that party, as long as they get more than 25% of the vote, they will get 2/3s of the seats in Parliament.발음듣기
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Let's say you were the largest party and you got 26% of the vote, you still would not have enough seats to govern properly.발음듣기
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You would have to form a coalition with several other parties so that you could essentially form a government.발음듣기
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But this is saying whoever gets the plurality of votes, whoever gets the most votes without necessarily being a majority, they will be by default become a majority.발음듣기
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They felt that they could get 25% of the votes, one maybe through popular support but also with the help of the coercive tactics of the Blackshirts and then that would give them stronger control in the legislature.발음듣기
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They felt the reason why the fascists were able to get so many votes is because they were able to intimidate folks.발음듣기
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They were able to kind of throw other votes out, and one of the most outspoken individuals when it came to criticizing the fascists and their tactics of coming to power was Giacomo Matteotti.발음듣기
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He gave two really strong speeches in the Deputy of Ministers where he talks about or the Chamber of Deputies I should say, where he talks about the corruption and the violence of the fascists.발음듣기
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So, he gets actually quite violently murdered by Blackshirts, and this puts Mussolini at least initially in a bit of a bind.발음듣기
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It's not clear that he actually, Mussolini, was involved in this in any way, but his followers had committed this act.발음듣기
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To protest against the murder of Giacomo Matteotti you actually have the entire socialist party boycotts Parliament.발음듣기
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Aventine Secession. It's called the Aventine Secession because if you go back to Roman times 2500 years ago you had the Plebeians secede out of protest from harsh rule and they go to the Aventine Hill.발음듣기
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The whole reason why the socialists did this is they hoped that by boycotting Parliament that that would convince the King to get rid of Benito Mussolini.발음듣기
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He doesn't know quite what to do, and on top of all of this the Blackshirts are telling him, "Look, if you don't take control of the situation, if you don't become a strong ruler we're going to do it without you.발음듣기
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In 1925, early 1925, Mussolini makes his famous January speech. 1925, his famous January speech.발음듣기
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In this Mussolini, instead of the Aventine Secession somehow undermining Mussolini's power because the King did not dismiss Mussolini it actually strengthened Mussolini's power.발음듣기
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He doesn't take responsibility directly for Giacomo Matteotti's murder, but he takes responsibility for the Blackshirts, and he gives in kind of classic Mussolini style a somewhat convoluted argument about how strength and violence is going to give stability to the Italian people.발음듣기
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This essentially gives him the control he needs, and by the end of 1925 you have the Christmas Eve Law that's passed by Parliament that esentially puts no checks on Mussolini's power, and as you go then into 1926 they more, and more, the fascists under Mussolini take absolute control, absolute power of Italy.발음듣기
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They're starting to force people to become members of the fascist party if they want roles in the government or even in any type of institution.발음듣기
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Hitler, he admired Mussolini. In fact, Mussolini's march on Rome inspired Hitler to attempt his Beer Hall Putsch in 1923.발음듣기
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