참여번역 : 어학사전

Mussolini becomes absolute dictator (Il Duce)

65문장 0% 중국어 번역 0명 참여 출처 : 칸아카데미

0 영상보기

내 번역문 보기

영어 to

중국어

2단 보기 1단 보기

번역 0% 대기중

Mussolini becomes absolute dictator (Il Duce)발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Male: In the last video we left off in 1922 in October where you have several hundreds of thousands of fascists march on Rome, which causes the King to put Benito Mussolini in power and this picture right over here is from Mussolini coming to power from the march on Rome and not only does he get appointed as Prime Minister, but he has dictatorial powers for one year.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Those dictatorial powers are also backed up with the Blackshirts,this loose band, kind of a paramillitary group.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So he uses his powers and the fact that he has his own force so to speak to continue to just secure more and more power under him over the next few years.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

By 1923 he makes the Blackshirts actually become a formal national militia, essentially the volunteer militia for national security.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

In Italian the acronym is the MVSN.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So, the Blackshirts become formalized as the MVSN.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

He also gets Parliament or gets the legislature to pass what's known as the Acerbo Law or Acerbo Law. I'm sure I'm mispronouncing it.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

This is an interesting one because this is a law that allowed whichever majority party, whatever the largest party in the Deputy of Ministers, whatever the largest party in Parliament is that party, as long as they get more than 25% of the vote, they will get 2/3s of the seats in Parliament.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

This is strange because traditionally in a Parliamentary system if you got ...발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Let's say you were the largest party and you got 26% of the vote, you still would not have enough seats to govern properly.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

You would have to form a coalition with several other parties so that you could essentially form a government.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

But this is saying whoever gets the plurality of votes, whoever gets the most votes without necessarily being a majority, they will be by default become a majority.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And you could imagine why the fascists wanted this to happen.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

They felt that they could get 25% of the votes, one maybe through popular support but also with the help of the coercive tactics of the Blackshirts and then that would give them stronger control in the legislature.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Now, the big question is is why would the legislature pass this?발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Because at this point the fascists were not the dominant party.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

They did not have a majority in the legislature.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

In fact, this was why they wanted to pass a law because they didn't have a majority.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And once again it's one of those questions of history.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Some would say that people were enamored with the fascists.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

They were enamored with Mussolini. They were eager to have strong leadership.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

They didn't want this government of coalitions.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

They wanted one government to be able to take action.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

On the other side when the votes were happening you actually had Blackshirts in the room.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

One argument is that there was also an element of pure intimidation.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

But needless to say the Acerbo Law actually passed.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

There is irony here because it was unnecessary.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

In 1924 when you actually have elections you have the fascists getting 2/3s of the vote.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Fascists get 2/3 of the vote.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Now, many today and many in Italy at the time felt that this was a fraudulent election.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

They felt the reason why the fascists were able to get so many votes is because they were able to intimidate folks.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

They were able to commit fraud during the election.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

They were able to kind of throw other votes out, and one of the most outspoken individuals when it came to criticizing the fascists and their tactics of coming to power was Giacomo Matteotti.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

He wrote a book about the fascists.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

He gave two really strong speeches in the Deputy of Ministers where he talks about or the Chamber of Deputies I should say, where he talks about the corruption and the violence of the fascists.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

A few days after giving those speeches he gets killed by Blackshirts.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So, he gets actually quite violently murdered by Blackshirts, and this puts Mussolini at least initially in a bit of a bind.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

He doesn't want to look like a thug, someone who goes out and just murders people.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

It's not clear that he actually, Mussolini, was involved in this in any way, but his followers had committed this act.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

To protest against the murder of Giacomo Matteotti you actually have the entire socialist party boycotts Parliament.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

This was known as the Aventine Secession or at least the 20th century Aventine Secession.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Aventine Secession. It's called the Aventine Secession because if you go back to Roman times 2500 years ago you had the Plebeians secede out of protest from harsh rule and they go to the Aventine Hill.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So, it was named after that same idea.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

The whole reason why the socialists did this is they hoped that by boycotting Parliament that that would convince the King to get rid of Benito Mussolini.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Mussolini, as I say, he's also in a bind.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

He doesn't know quite what to do, and on top of all of this the Blackshirts are telling him, "Look, if you don't take control of the situation, if you don't become a strong ruler we're going to do it without you.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

We might even overthrow you Mr. Mussolini."발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

In 1925, early 1925, Mussolini makes his famous January speech. 1925, his famous January speech.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

This is normally viewed as the formal start of his absolute dictatorship.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

In this Mussolini, instead of the Aventine Secession somehow undermining Mussolini's power because the King did not dismiss Mussolini it actually strengthened Mussolini's power.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

He used that as a pretext.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

He said, "Look, all of these deputies they've decided not to show up at Parliament.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

They've essentially given up their seats, and he bans, he bans the Italian Socialist party.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

He embraces the Blackshirts. He takes responsibility for them.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

He doesn't take responsibility directly for Giacomo Matteotti's murder, but he takes responsibility for the Blackshirts, and he gives in kind of classic Mussolini style a somewhat convoluted argument about how strength and violence is going to give stability to the Italian people.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Obviously he is an amazing orator. He's very charismatic.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

This essentially gives him the control he needs, and by the end of 1925 you have the Christmas Eve Law that's passed by Parliament that esentially puts no checks on Mussolini's power, and as you go then into 1926 they more, and more, the fascists under Mussolini take absolute control, absolute power of Italy.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So in 1926 they're banning other parties. So, other parties are banned.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

They're starting to force people to become members of the fascist party if they want roles in the government or even in any type of institution.발음듣기