Manet, Émile Zola

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Manet, ?mile Zola발음듣기

(piano music playing) Steven: We're at the Musée d'Orsay and we're looking at Édouard Manet's, a portrait of Émile Zola, who is a very important 19th century novelist.발음듣기

Beth: And art critic and behind Zola is an image of Manet's Olympia and Olympia seems to look down at Zola and Zola was also a friend of Cézanne's, 발음듣기

so Zola is an important figure in this circle and this is a really new kind of portrait, something very different than a viewer would have expected.발음듣기

It's ... It doesn't give us very much information in the way that a portrait usually gives us information, that is through the face.발음듣기

Steven: Well, he's actually turned away from us.발음듣기

I mean, you get a sense that he's at his desk, at his studies and in some way, he's turned towards us just for a moment, almost in a pause of reflection, not to look at us as if we were the camera, for instance, 발음듣기

but we have, sort of, caught him in this odd, three-quarters view, that's really almost a profile.발음듣기

Beth: There is something that doesn't really register emotion there.발음듣기

It's not that he looks like he's been absorbed in thought and looked up from his reading.발음듣기

There's a kind of illegibility in his face.발음듣기

Steven: ... to the face, yeah. and I think that quality of not being able to read a narrative, something we see frequently in Manet's work, 발음듣기

we have it here in a portrait, where it's incredibly frustrating, especially frustrating because we want to have a sense of the person.발음듣기

Steven: So we can't read his emotions or his interior life through his face.발음듣기

In a sense, there's a kind of flatness to the way the face is rendered, but look also at the book that is turned towards us.발음듣기

It is similarly illegible. We can't read the text there.발음듣기

So the artist is forcing us away from the reading of the particular to a sort of a broader kind of reading.발음듣기

Beth: It's like the objects themselves have become more important than the figure.발음듣기

We have the Japanese screen behind him, so we can see that interest in the art of Japan that's coming so much into Europe now that Japan's been open.발음듣기

We see another Japanese print in the background.발음듣기

We see a Velázquez print.발음듣기

Right Steven: That's right, the drinkers up at the top.발음듣기

We have a little pamphlet on Manet that Zola has written, which is also Manet's signature.발음듣기

Steven: And then a lovely inkwell, which is also east Asian.발음듣기

I want to look at this composition, like, for just a sec.발음듣기

Beth: It's a very, very complicated composition.발음듣기

Steven: The figure is fit into a series of geometric shapes.발음듣기

There's the right angle that is created by the frame on the upper right.발음듣기

Then you have askewed right angle from the book, which almost functions as an arrow pointing towards Zola himself and then Zola's body is an echoing right angle, 발음듣기

which is echoed again by the chair and so you have this sort of this cascade of these right angles who are moving from upper right down to lower left.발음듣기

Beth: And then you get it again in the upper left with the edge of the Japanese screen.발음듣기

Steven: That's right, although in the opposite direction. but yes, there is a kind of interest in the two-dimensionality which is a reference again to eastern art.발음듣기

But that comes across also in the flattening of the face and the ways in which the jacket is so dark that you lose all of spatial definition there.발음듣기

Beth: Yeah, it is very little modeling in the face.발음듣기

There's little modeling in the clothing, so there is a real flatness and in fact, the space itself is very, very shallow so everything is very close to us and as you guess, 발음듣기

there's a kind of irony there because despite its closeness, I feel no closer to Zola.발음듣기

Steven: You know, all of that paint remains paint.발음듣기

All of that paint is almost like a Velázquez.발음듣기

Beth: Yeah, I mean look at the chair.발음듣기

Steven: And if you look at the books as well.발음듣기

If you look at the inkwell.발음듣기

If you look at the feather, the quill that comes out, the tools of Zola's trade.발음듣기

Beth: There's very much a focus on reminding us that this is paint on canvas and refusing, in a way, to do the things that paint is supposed to do.발음듣기

I do get a feeling of this image of a modern literary man, a portrait of a man in his age in Paris at the end of the 1860s.발음듣기

Steven: In a sense, the lack of focus of Zola and it's such a curious thing to say, because this is a portrait of Zola.발음듣기

But the lack of focus on Zola, in a sense, he is leveled with the things that he finds important, the things that influence him, 발음듣기

the things that make up his art and so this very modern notion of Paris being a place where the world can come together, you know, where the influence of the east Asian, where the visual, the literary, where all those things mix and that art is born. (piano music playing) 발음듣기

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