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Portrait Bust of a Flavian Woman (Fonseca Bust)

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Portrait Bust of a Flavian Woman (Fonseca Bust)발음듣기

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(piano music) [Voiceover] We're in the Capitoline Museum in Rome looking at this beautiful delicate portrait bust known as Portrait of a Flavian Woman.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] And the word Flavian refers to the Flavion dynasty.발음듣기

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Sometimes when we look back at the ancient Roman Empire, we think about this line of Emperors.발음듣기

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But in fact they came from distinct families.발음듣기

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So for example, Augustus, the first emperor of Rome came from the Julio-Claudian dynasty.발음듣기

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And in the late first century A.D. there was a dynasty called the Flavian dynasty.발음듣기

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And those emperors were Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] And that was a short dynasty.발음듣기

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But it was an important one.발음듣기

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Because Rome had just gone through the abusive reign of the emperor Nero.발음듣기

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And Nero had taken an enormous amount of the center of the city for his own palace.발음듣기

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And had been imperious in rule.발음듣기

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And so Vespasian spent a good deal of his rule actually giving back to the city.발음듣기

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And the premier example of that is the building of the Colosseum.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Right, a place where the public could go and enjoy themselves.발음듣기

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And in fact the original name of the Colosseum was the Flavian Amphitheater.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] One note about this sculpture.발음듣기

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For many years, we thought that this was a Flavian woman.발음듣기

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Now some art historians suspect that it may actually be a woman who's sculpted in the Flavian style.발음듣기

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That is her hairstyle. Most specifically, is Flavian.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Right, but that she was sculpted in the early second century. So about 40 or 50 years later.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] And that is quite a hairstyle.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] It's fabulous. It's a hairstyle where the front part of her hair has been pulled forward and up and set in these ringlets that frame her face beautifully.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] And this very ornate braiding and coiling of the hair on the back of her head.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] And what that does is expose this lovely neck.발음듣기

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Which is really one of the most beautiful parts of the sculpture.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Although her eyes have not been painted or drilled, or the paint doesn't survive, she seems to be looking up and off.발음듣기

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Which tilts her head in a very delicate matter and exposes that neck.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] And it's curved with real subtlety so that we can see the slight bulge of her cheek bones and the impression around her lips and below her nose.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Now the hairstyle that we were talking about was very fashionable during the Flavian era.발음듣기

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And we suspect that it came from a style that had been initiated or at least popularized by one of the women of the emperor's court.발음듣기

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Even in the modern world we often follow the style set by important men and women.발음듣기

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I'm thinking recently of Michelle Obama.발음듣기

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And I remember when she got her hair cut into bangs. Bangs became a craze.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] I think that's an important thing to remember because we look at this and her hairstyle just looks wildly outrageous.발음듣기

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And almost ridiculous I think to our eyes.발음듣기

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But in the second or first century, this likely looked like the height of fashion.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] And it's interesting to think that this might actually be archaizing.발음듣기

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That is that this was a slightly more modern woman.발음듣기

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Who was having herself portrayed as a woman in a style of the previous century.발음듣기

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And if that's true, it suggests that even the ancient Romans that the early years of the empire were thinking historically.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] And she's carved out of this lustrous marble.발음듣기

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But the opportunity provided by this hairstyle to create deep shadows in those ringlets is something that's really been exploited by the sculpture.발음듣기