참여번역 : 어학사전

Who versus whom

66문장 0% 베트남어 번역 0명 참여 출처 : 칸아카데미

1 영상보기

내 번역문 보기

영어 to

베트남어

2단 보기 1단 보기

번역 0% 대기중

Who versus whom발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

[Voiceover] Hello grammarians. Welcome to one the thorniest fights in English usage today.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

The question of whether or not you should use who or whom in a sentence as a relative pronoun.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So there's this basic idea that who is the subject form, and whom is the object form.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Which means that if we're talking about someone who is the doer, then we say who.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

As in, the spy who loved me.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

As opposed to someone who is the doee, the object.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

As in, the spy whom I loved.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

You see, cause in this sentence, who is the subject.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And in this sentence, I is the subject.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Me is the object.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And whom is the object.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

I loved whom?발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

In this sentence, I am doing the loving.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

In this sentence it is the spy who is doing the loving.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

That's the basic rule.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

But, this does not adequately reflect the way our culture actually uses and has used whom or who for some time.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

In many cases it has become permissible to use who as an object.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Let me show you what I mean.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So the thing to remember is that the basic rule is a one way street.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Because the way language is changing, whom is on its way out.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

I imagine in another 50, 75 years we won't be using it all.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Is that sad?발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Sure, a little bit.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

I mean I'm sad that nobody every uses the pronoun whoso.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

As in, whoso pulleth this sword from this stone, is rightwise born king of England.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

We don't use that anymore.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

It's old fashioned.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Now we say, whoever.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And that's ok.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So we know that the basic rule is that you use who as a subject and whom as an object.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Well you can also now use who as an object.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

The only thing you can't do is whom is not a subject.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

That's the thing you need to remember, is that whom's use is not expanding.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

It is contracting.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Who is taking over some of whom's duties.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So let's go back to that spy example.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So here are the four possible options, right?발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

The spy who loved me, the spy whom loved me, the spy who I loved, and the spy whom I loved.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Now of these, only this one is incorrect.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Because we're trying to use whom as a subject.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

But here, the spy who I loved, where who is being an object, by the informal rules of our grammar today, this is fine.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Either of these is fine.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

The only one that's not fine is this guy right here.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

The spy whom loved me.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Because this language change is going in one direction.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And it's in the direction of whom being used less often.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So whom never expands from its original position. Who does.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So the next time you're puzzling over what to do in the event of the sentence who are you talking to, and whether or not this pronoun here should be who or whom, it's really an issue of tone rather than correctness.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Because both possibilies are equally understandable.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Yes, technically if you wanted to be very correct you would say whom are you talking to, or you are talking to whom, because whom is the object of this preposition.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

It's to whom, and so therefore we would use the object form.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

But you find that when you separate it out in this question, when you put the to at the end, and the whom question particle at the beginning, this m just kind of falls away.발음듣기