Ruisdael, View of Haarlem with Bleaching Grounds

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Ruisdael, View of Haarlem with Bleaching Grounds발음듣기

(piano music) We're in the Mauritshuis in the Hague in the Netherlands, and we're looking at probably the most famous painting by Jacob van Ruisdael.발음듣기

This is a landscape of the city of Haarlem.발음듣기

And it's recognizably Haarlem, because of the church of Saint Bavo, that rises above the skyline.발음듣기

But most of the painting is cloud.발음듣기

It is a landscape.발음듣기

A new type of painting in the 17th century, in Holland.발음듣기

In a way I wish this was called a skyscape.발음듣기

There is a long tradition of landscape, and you can find some landscape from the ancient world.발음듣기

You can find some early examples in the renaissance, but their almost always subsidiary to something else.발음듣기

Here we have a landscape that is very much about this place.발음듣기

It is a portrait of a city.발음듣기

A portrait of someone's love of a city.발음듣기

Built into these portraits of a place is the artists feeling and attachment.발음듣기

We have Vermeer painting Delft, where he lived most of his life.발음듣기

We have van Ruisdael painting Haarlem, where he lived.발음듣기

At least one artist has suggested that this may have been commissioned by the person who owned linen works that we see in the foreground.발음듣기

If you look closely those are not the fields of a farm in the foreground, but rather they're broad areas where linen is laid out, so that the sun can bleach it.발음듣기

This is a partly cloudy day, and the sun is only partially reaching that.발음듣기

In fact Ruisdael has effectively used both light and shadow to draw our eye back into the depth of the landscape.발음듣기

There are alternating planes of light and dark.발음듣기

We start in the very foreground in shadow.발음듣기

We move to those bleaching fields return the sunlight.발음듣기

Then another area of shadow, and then another area of sunshine where we see an open field.발음듣기

And then shade, and then light, and then the church in the distance.발음듣기

This helps our eye to move into space, and to travel through the landscape.발음듣기

And to do it slowly, and to lead our eye lovingly through the space.발음듣기

Now Holland is a very flat country, so one might wonder where the artist is standing, to have this great perspective.발음듣기

If you look carefully at the very foreground between the grasses you can just make out that that's sand.발음듣기

And this is likely a dune, that is giving him this kind of elevation.발음듣기

Well, he's probably sketched outside.발음듣기

We're so used to thinking about artist painting outside with tubes of paint, but this was likely constructed in the studio.발음듣기

70 percent of this canvas is given over to the sky.발음듣기

To these beautiful billowing clouds, and the sense that everything is in motion.발음듣기

Right, and it's a very specific landscape.발음듣기

In Italy at this time the Italian painters are, and French painters too, are painting idealized, classicizing landscapes.발음듣기

Where it's always perfectly sunny.발음듣기

It's always the spring.발음듣기

Here we have a sense of weather, time, specificity that makes this town enduring.발음듣기

Even as time passes, even as those clouds go by.발음듣기

Even as the gap of light changes on the landscape.발음듣기

That change is such a hallmark of this historical moment.발음듣기

Stylistically we call the Baroque, the 17th century.발음듣기

Where a kind of dynamism within the static landscape is brought to the foreground.발음듣기

That's right, even within portraits we get a sense of the dynamic of movement.발음듣기

Even in genre scenes.발음듣기

There's this interest in things that are in process.발음듣기

We certainly have that here, in this beautiful landscape by Ruisdael.발음듣기

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