Ruisdael, View of Haarlem with Bleaching Grounds

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Ruisdael, View of Haarlem with Bleaching Grounds발음듣기

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(piano music) We're in the Mauritshuis in the Hague in the Netherlands, and we're looking at probably the most famous painting by Jacob van Ruisdael.발음듣기

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This is a landscape of the city of Haarlem.발음듣기

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And it's recognizably Haarlem, because of the church of Saint Bavo, that rises above the skyline.발음듣기

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But most of the painting is cloud.발음듣기

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It is a landscape.발음듣기

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A new type of painting in the 17th century, in Holland.발음듣기

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In a way I wish this was called a skyscape.발음듣기

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There is a long tradition of landscape, and you can find some landscape from the ancient world.발음듣기

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You can find some early examples in the renaissance, but their almost always subsidiary to something else.발음듣기

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Here we have a landscape that is very much about this place.발음듣기

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It is a portrait of a city.발음듣기

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A portrait of someone's love of a city.발음듣기

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Built into these portraits of a place is the artists feeling and attachment.발음듣기

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We have Vermeer painting Delft, where he lived most of his life.발음듣기

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We have van Ruisdael painting Haarlem, where he lived.발음듣기

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At least one artist has suggested that this may have been commissioned by the person who owned linen works that we see in the foreground.발음듣기

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If you look closely those are not the fields of a farm in the foreground, but rather they're broad areas where linen is laid out, so that the sun can bleach it.발음듣기

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This is a partly cloudy day, and the sun is only partially reaching that.발음듣기

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In fact Ruisdael has effectively used both light and shadow to draw our eye back into the depth of the landscape.발음듣기

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There are alternating planes of light and dark.발음듣기

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We start in the very foreground in shadow.발음듣기

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We move to those bleaching fields return the sunlight.발음듣기

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Then another area of shadow, and then another area of sunshine where we see an open field.발음듣기

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And then shade, and then light, and then the church in the distance.발음듣기

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This helps our eye to move into space, and to travel through the landscape.발음듣기

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And to do it slowly, and to lead our eye lovingly through the space.발음듣기

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Now Holland is a very flat country, so one might wonder where the artist is standing, to have this great perspective.발음듣기

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If you look carefully at the very foreground between the grasses you can just make out that that's sand.발음듣기

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And this is likely a dune, that is giving him this kind of elevation.발음듣기

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Well, he's probably sketched outside.발음듣기

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We're so used to thinking about artist painting outside with tubes of paint, but this was likely constructed in the studio.발음듣기

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70 percent of this canvas is given over to the sky.발음듣기

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To these beautiful billowing clouds, and the sense that everything is in motion.발음듣기

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Right, and it's a very specific landscape.발음듣기

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In Italy at this time the Italian painters are, and French painters too, are painting idealized, classicizing landscapes.발음듣기

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Where it's always perfectly sunny.발음듣기

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It's always the spring.발음듣기

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Here we have a sense of weather, time, specificity that makes this town enduring.발음듣기

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Even as time passes, even as those clouds go by.발음듣기

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Even as the gap of light changes on the landscape.발음듣기

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That change is such a hallmark of this historical moment.발음듣기

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Stylistically we call the Baroque, the 17th century.발음듣기

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Where a kind of dynamism within the static landscape is brought to the foreground.발음듣기

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That's right, even within portraits we get a sense of the dynamic of movement.발음듣기

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Even in genre scenes.발음듣기

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There's this interest in things that are in process.발음듣기

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We certainly have that here, in this beautiful landscape by Ruisdael.발음듣기

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