Origins of European exploration in the Americas발음듣기
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Origins of European exploration in the Americas
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[Lecturer] When we think about European exploration in the Americas, we tend to start at 1492 with Christopher Columbus showing up at the island of Hispaniola.발음듣기
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So let's zoom in a little bit and take a look at what the world would have looked like to someone in western Europe around the year 1450.발음듣기
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But they certainly knew that there were very good things to be had in India and China and the Middle East.발음듣기
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But they had no conception that there were two gigantic continents on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean.발음듣기
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It's a frequent misconception that people in this time period thought that the world was flat.발음듣기
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And so they knew that given the shipping technology that they had, it would be impossible to go west and arrive at the east, while still having enough food and water to supply your crew.발음듣기
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Now why would anyone have dreamt of going west to get east when they could have simply gone east to get east?발음듣기
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And it was expensive because the Middle East and north Africa and even parts of Spain were controlled by Muslim empires like the Ottomans and the Moors.발음듣기
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And so any time trade came from the east China and India and the Middle East itself it went through a series of traders.발음듣기
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And at the east taking a ship through there caused pretty much the same problem so why not go around the coast of Africa?발음듣기
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And it's very treacherous sailing around the tip of Africa to come up into the Indian Ocean.발음듣기
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The southern part was under Muslim control of the Moors, as they were called, or Moroccan Muslims.발음듣기
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And they called this area Al-Andalus and we're talking about this area here and the Spanish called it Granada.발음듣기
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And heaven knows what was out here until in the early 1400s Portugal's Prince Henry the Navigator began investing in navigation.발음듣기
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And one of the important discoveries made by the Portuguese was a new kind of ship and this ship was called the caravel.발음듣기
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And so in this early era of the 1400s the Portuguese began expanding their exploration farther and farther down the coast of Africa.발음듣기
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The Canary Islands, and farther west this is so small you can barely see it here, Madeira and the Azores.발음듣기
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They also discover that some of the people who live on these islands, in fact the Canary Islands had a native population called the Guanche.발음듣기
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And we'll talk more about why native people seemed to be so susceptible to European diseases a little bit later.발음듣기
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Well they're discovering another workforce along the coast of Africa as they begin to set up.발음듣기
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This is the Portuguese we're talking about here trading posts on the west coast of Africa where they're purchasing slaves from African traders or Arab traders who had a long history of trading slaves from the interior of Africa out to its coast.발음듣기
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And religious shakeup so the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon are united when Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile.발음듣기
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And then united, these two Catholic monarchs turn their attentions to what's called the Reconquista.발음듣기
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And Ferdinand and Isabella complete the Reconquista expelling the Moors from the territory that is today Spain in 1492.발음듣기
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And we've got a way which is the caravel that is making more and more ocean sailing possible.발음듣기
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