Gerrymandering발음듣기
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Gerrymandering
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What I'd like you to do is pause this video and see if you see anything interesting about the shapes of these congressional districts.발음듣기
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It has this northern part and this southern part and then it's actually connected just by an interstate not by the things on either side of that interstate.발음듣기
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And then here in Austin, Texas you see that the votes in Travis County are split amongst many congressional districts.발음듣기
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And so the question that should be surfacing in your brain is why are these districts shaped that way?발음듣기
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Gerrymandering which is the idea of shaping districts to benefit one political party or another.발음듣기
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Every 10 years there's a U.S. Census and based on that census, different states will might get a few more representatives or a few less representatives and so state legislatures will often have to redistrict.발음듣기
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And so the first question you might ask is well that's a very strange word where does it come from?발음듣기
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when the then governor of Massachusetts Elbridge Gerry, Gerry was how you pronounced his name although now it's gerrymandering.발음듣기
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And you have this one really strangely shaped district right over here that people said hey that looks like a salamander.발음듣기
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And so they created a portmanteau which is really just a combination of words around Elbridge Gerry and the back half of salamander.발음듣기
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So you have gerrymander which is creating these districts to advantage one party or the other.발음듣기
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Elbridge Gerry did it for the Democratic Republican party against the Federalist but now it's Republicans versus Democrats.발음듣기
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So now let's go back to the two districts that we looked at and think about what are the implications of it?발음듣기
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And so it would be advantageous and it is advantageous for Republicans to split those Democratic votes amongst these Republican districts.발음듣기
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This type of gerrymandering was done by a Democratic legislature but it's a little bit less obvious what's going on here with the fourth district because it is actually surrounded by districts represented by Democrats.발음듣기
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What you need to appreciate is when this gerrymandering is done it's often done by sophisticated computer algorithms and there's all sorts of implications of stretching one district or another.발음듣기
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This is just one tactic that you see here is taking a bunch of Democratic votes and diluting them amongst a bunch of Republican districts.발음듣기
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You could have situations where you redistrict so that an incumbent no longer lives in their district and so they wouldn't be the incumbent anymore.발음듣기
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You might see redistricting where you're collecting pockets from certain constituencies so that you can make a district so that they would have representation and that's the one that's often cited for the district four right over here.발음듣기
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that talks about at least how the Federalists felt about that first official gerrymandering.발음듣기
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This is in response to Elbridge Gerry's signing of the bill to allow for that salamander shaped district that advantaged the Democratic Republicans against the Federalists.발음듣기
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Again behold and shudder at the exhibition of this terrific dragon brought forth to swallow and devour your liberties and equal rights.발음듣기
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Your patriotism and hatred of tyranny must by one vigorous struggle strangle it in its infancy.발음듣기
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The iniquitous law which cut up and severed this Commonwealth into districts is kindred to the arbitrary deeds of Napoleon when he partitioned the territories of innocent nations to suit his sovereign will.발음듣기
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It in fact subverts and changes our form of government which ceases to be Republican as long as an aristocratic House of Lords under the form of a Senate tyrannizes over the people and silences and stifles the voice of the majority.발음듣기
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And then it goes on to say will you then permit a party to disfranchise the people to convert the Senate chamber into a fortress in which ambitious office-seekers may entrench themselves and set at defiance the frowns of the people?발음듣기
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