Gerrymandering

56문장 100% 한국어 번역 10명 참여 출처 : 칸아카데미
0 영상보기
영어 to
한국어
2단 보기 1단 보기
번역 0%

Gerrymandering발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

[Instructor] What we see here are two maps of congressional districts.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

On the left we see some congressional districts in and around Austin, Texas.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

This black line shows us Travis County where Austin, Texas is.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And on this right map we see the congressional districts in and around Chicago, Illinois.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

What I'd like you to do is pause this video and see if you see anything interesting about the shapes of these congressional districts.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Well some things might immediately jump out at you.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Here in Chicago, Illinois, this fourth district in particular seems kind of fishy.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

It's often known as the earmuff district.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

It has this northern part and this southern part and then it's actually connected just by an interstate not by the things on either side of that interstate.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So that doesn't seem like a natural shape for a congressional district.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And then here in Austin, Texas you see that the votes in Travis County are split amongst many congressional districts.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And so the question that should be surfacing in your brain is why are these districts shaped that way?발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And the answer that many people will give you is it's because of a gerrymandering.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Gerrymandering which is the idea of shaping districts to benefit one political party or another.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Every 10 years there's a U.S. Census and based on that census, different states will might get a few more representatives or a few less representatives and so state legislatures will often have to redistrict.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And so that's when this occurs.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And so the first question you might ask is well that's a very strange word where does it come from?발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And that goes all the way back to 1812발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

when the then governor of Massachusetts Elbridge Gerry, Gerry was how you pronounced his name although now it's gerrymandering.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

He decided to sign the bill that would reapportion the state senate districts.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And you have this one really strangely shaped district right over here that people said hey that looks like a salamander.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And so they created a portmanteau which is really just a combination of words around Elbridge Gerry and the back half of salamander.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So you have gerrymander which is creating these districts to advantage one party or the other.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Elbridge Gerry did it for the Democratic Republican party against the Federalist but now it's Republicans versus Democrats.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So now let's go back to the two districts that we looked at and think about what are the implications of it?발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Who will, who does the gerrymandering benefit?발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So in the case of Austin, Texas Austin, Texas is an urban area.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Urban areas tend to lean more left.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And it does lean more Democratic.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

It's actually more liberal than most urban areas in Texas.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

But it's surrounded by more rural areas that lean right.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And so it would be advantageous and it is advantageous for Republicans to split those Democratic votes amongst these Republican districts.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

In the case of Chicago, it's a little bit less obvious.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

This type of gerrymandering was done by a Democratic legislature but it's a little bit less obvious what's going on here with the fourth district because it is actually surrounded by districts represented by Democrats.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

What you need to appreciate is when this gerrymandering is done it's often done by sophisticated computer algorithms and there's all sorts of implications of stretching one district or another.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

This is just one tactic that you see here is taking a bunch of Democratic votes and diluting them amongst a bunch of Republican districts.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

You might see it the other way.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

You could have situations where you redistrict so that an incumbent no longer lives in their district and so they wouldn't be the incumbent anymore.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

You might see redistricting to force two incumbents to go against each other.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

You might see redistricting where you're collecting pockets from certain constituencies so that you can make a district so that they would have representation and that's the one that's often cited for the district four right over here.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Because these are heavily Hispanic areas around or in Chicago.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Now I'll leave you with a newspaper article from the Salem Gazette in 1813발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

that talks about at least how the Federalists felt about that first official gerrymandering.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

This is in response to Elbridge Gerry's signing of the bill to allow for that salamander shaped district that advantaged the Democratic Republicans against the Federalists.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Federalists, followers of Washington.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Again behold and shudder at the exhibition of this terrific dragon brought forth to swallow and devour your liberties and equal rights.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

You can see in the picture it actually does look like a dragon, they put wings on it.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Unholy party spirit and inordinate love of power gave it birth.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Your patriotism and hatred of tyranny must by one vigorous struggle strangle it in its infancy.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

The iniquitous law which cut up and severed this Commonwealth into districts is kindred to the arbitrary deeds of Napoleon when he partitioned the territories of innocent nations to suit his sovereign will.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

You gotta remember this is right around the time of Napoleon conquering much of Europe.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

This law inflicted a grievous wound on the Constitution.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

It in fact subverts and changes our form of government which ceases to be Republican as long as an aristocratic House of Lords under the form of a Senate tyrannizes over the people and silences and stifles the voice of the majority.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And then it goes on to say will you then permit a party to disfranchise the people to convert the Senate chamber into a fortress in which ambitious office-seekers may entrench themselves and set at defiance the frowns of the people?발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

No, this usurping faction must be dislodged from its stronghold.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

칸아카데미 더보기더 보기

전체보기
Top